The exam in history is not included in the list of basic tests that all schoolchildren have to pass. The discipline is taken by graduates who plan to further study it at a higher educational institution. It is assumed that this group of schoolchildren has a certain level of knowledge that allows them to choose history as a core subject. Statistics show that a fifth of the graduates pass history every year and consistently. To successfully pass the test, it is necessary to apply the principle of systematization of knowledge.

The main nuance that needs to be taken into account is that certain changes are made every year, this applies to the type of tasks, their complexity, and quantity. The general plan remains stable:

• Part 1 tasks are the most simple questions which are aimed at assessing general knowledge on the subject, theory basic level. Tasks are presented in the form of tests with four possible answers. Only the correct answer is entered in a special form.
• A more difficult level - part 2 suggests finding the correct answer yourself, the question is answered briefly: a number, one word, an abbreviation, a phrase. There are also questions that need to be answered in detail - such tasks require the ability to argue, justify your position using facts.
  

Which universities require history?

The popularity of the subject is easy to explain, since it is a profile for admission to educational institutions of this direction:

• Tourism;
• Jurisprudence;
• Pedagogy;
• Story;
• Archeology;
• Regional studies.
  

How to prepare for the exam in history?

• The most effective and accessible, basic method is reading textbooks. Important: you need to prepare in advance, regardless of the level of knowledge. Preparing 3 days before an exam may not bring the best results.
• Repeat all the data from ancient history to the latest time - this will help you easily cope with the first and second parts of the exam. Check out .
• Learn dates, work with geographical maps and documents, terms. Dates and basic concepts should sometimes be learned by heart, the method of associations will help.
• Familiarize yourself with the activities of famous historical personalities.
• Do not evaluate the personality of historical figures.

• Poor knowledge of the map;
• A low level of knowledge in topics related to culture - this causes problems with tasks of a visual type, where it asks to study the image and answer questions related to it.
• Many graduates do not know how to apply theoretical knowledge in practice, to perform more complex, creative tasks.

Hello dear friends! Today we will continue preparing for the Unified State Examination in history and today we will move away from some theoretical materials and tasks and start talking about the materials required for self-study for the Unified State Examination, third-party knowledge, and I will also teach you how to solve tasks in history with a map) I must say right away that The material in this article and the following ones will be based on the most frequently asked questions, so you may be able to recognize yourself at some points.

Do I need to know all the dates from pocket guides and textbooks?

Often, people write to me with the question: “Ivan Sergeevich, began (s) to teach the 20th century and in textbooks I see a similar picture, what should I learn in order to write a test, because besides the last century there are still periods that require attention and throw all your strength I can’t work purely with Soviet history?!”

So, I answer for everyone) In fact, a few years ago, FIPI published a mandatory list of dates and events for them necessary for writing an examination paper. Now, for some reason, these materials are not applied from the packages with the demo version, which is why such a hype arises, but inquisitive and curious children =) provided that they get into the materials of past years for expert commissions, they will find this list. This year, at the CPC, this document was recommended to us as a didactic material and, accordingly, I am sharing it with you, here it is:

There is almost everything you need to know in terms of the chronology of events ... with regard to dates, the exception, it seems to me, is only the revolutions of 1905-1907 / 1917, otherwise this table is complete and reflects all the events that need to be taken into account for a successful performing exam tests in history.

How to work with a historical map?

Also, a “sore topic”, although the material in the form of maps is posted in the public domain, the children are perplexed: “How can I work with this at all?”. I explain 🙂

First of all, stomp to this article and download a package of maps to your computer. Then, if you are too lazy to dig into the USE reference books of past years and a ton of information related to this, download this selection:

• Basic historical maps for completing tasks #29-32

Quest bank for historical map: 1200 quests:

How to work with it? I warn you, starting this “procedure” is recommended only for those who are already rummaging something in history, and for the guys who follow our lessons, you should not read this paragraph further, and for those who are already kind of in the subject, download a document for yourself, it contains all the tasks with a map of the exam options of previous years. There are about 1200 tasks, do not download from the phone, everything will hang 😀

Workshop on parsing cards

Here you are presented with a contour map, which must be printed out and filled out accordingly, if this is not difficult for you, go to map No. 2. With the successful completion of all the cards and filling in about 70% of the information on them, you can start working with the bank itself, provided, I repeat, that you also have knowledge of the course in your head.

What to do if everything is bad?))) The information from the geography lessons from the maps presented above is ENOUGH for the successful writing of any history test! The conclusion is obvious - to teach, dear friends! Sit down. print ten of these cards for yourself, find the location of each object on the SAAAMI Internet, sketch it, eventually cramming it, then take the second card and try to fill it in as a keepsake, there are errors, it doesn’t matter, check, correct, take card number 3 and so on .. At the same time, you will tighten up your geography and cure cretinism, and then proceed to the bank

Clear strategy and solutions for business leadership symbol with a straight path to success as a journey choosing the right strategic path for business with blank yellow traffic signs cutting through a maze of tangled roads and highways.

Task one

What to do with it? Take your first 4 cards - 20 tasks, take a piece of paper and decide based on your knowledge (I warned)

How to solve such tasks? Instruction "for the smallest" on the example of a real CIM task 🙂

So, we have some kind of "mess" in front of us, according to the version, I'm sure, 80% of the readers of our site) Let's see what is here and how ... to begin with, I will give a clear algorithm of actions when working with tasks of this type:

1. Look at the map legend and use it to identify key points
2. Find (if any) dates on the map
3.1. In the case of an explicit position on the map of some kind of war / campaign / movement, select “reference points” to identify the event
3.2. In case of explicitly defining any boundaries, pay attention to: border areas / the name of our state on the map (this can help with determining the period) / other unnatural objects (any arrows and dots)

Let's follow the algorithm:
1. Look here, this plate is called the “map legend”, what can be learned from it?

• Here Russia is shown in a period of fragmentation, because. keyword - PRINCIPALITIES
• Borders don't give us anything yet...
• But let's pay attention to the siege of cities, we besieged cities:

Kozelsk will obviously say something to smart boys and girls, but we have a few more points))

Point 2. Let's try to find dates on the map... a bummer, there is no such thing 🙁 Sadly, let's move on ((

Point 3. Let's try to select control points based on the arrows on the map. Which side are the troops coming from? And you will know the answer only after the advertisement...just kidding 😀 From the East, of course!

Let's group: the siege of Kozelsk, Kolomna, Suzdal, the call is obviously not for tea in Moscow, the troops are coming from the East - of course, this is Batu's campaign against Russia!

Write the name of the city indicated by the number "1" on the diagram.

• Only knowledge of those very contour maps will help you here ... Suzdal was part of the Vladimir-Suzdal princedom, which is not on the map. It is logical that Vladimir is hiding under "1".

Write the number that indicates the capital of the land, where during the period of this campaign there was a republican form of government.

• Here it is purely knowledge of the map and the very course of past lessons from our website, sensible children will immediately name Novgorod and, based on the knowledge of the contour map, will determine the point "2"

Another tip is to pay attention immediately to task 32, since there you can get “answer options” for working with this task.

Profile task with a map

What judgments related to the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three sentences from the six offered.
1) the conquerors invaded the borders of Russia in the winter - this can also lead to an idea 🙂
2) none of the cities captured by the conquerors survived the siege for more than one week
3) the campaign, indicated by arrows on the diagram, lasted about three years - no matter how: /
4) one of the consequences of the events indicated in the diagram was the beginning of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state - well, nothing will help us here: /
5) as a result of the events indicated on the diagram, the Russian lands became dependent - this may suggest an idea 🙂
6) the commander, whose campaign is indicated on the diagram, is the founder of the state - the founder of the state is either Rurik or Oleg, this is nonsense, since the period of fragmentation, respectively, there are no work options except for the Horde Khan Batu

As you can see, only 3 events are joined at the same time here, the rest are somehow randomly scattered throughout history, which should not be, so also keep in mind the “lifebuoy” option No. 32

To prepare for the exam in history, it is extremely important to be able to navigate in the space of a geographical and historical map. Let's see how these tasks look in the demo version of the exam.

USE assignments in the history of the map.

We have already spoken about the methodology of working with a historical map in this section more than once. In short, it needs to be analyzed by all the key events of the story. For this, school contour maps, for example, are quite useful.

For example, I propose to take tasks from the USE demo version of 2017. Also, as in part 1, there is a block of questions (there are 4 of them) to the historical map. It has also not been changed from previous demos. The score here is as follows: 13-1, 14-1, 15-1, 16 - maximum 2.

To begin with, we are trying to identify the presented historical map! We see Russian cities (Moscow, Kolomna, Rostov, Suzdal), but we do not see a single state! Instead, cities share borders. Therefore, we have before us the period of Russian lands.

And now let's remember the main military threat to the Russian lands in this period. The main consequence of the fragmentation of Russia was the invasion of the Tatars and the subsequent defeat in the absence of unity.

Yes, this is Batu(Batu Khan's answer is also acceptable), on the map his campaign in northeastern Russia 1237-1238

Answer: BAT.

Question from 14 to the orientation on the map of Russia during the period of fragmentation. So, what city was next to Suzdal?

14. Write the name of the city indicated on the diagram by the number "1".

Yes it Vladimir-on-Klyazma (or simply Vladimir), the new capital of the principality, built by Andrey Bogolyubsky. And Suzdal is the old capital, that's why the principality was called Vladimir-Suzdal.

Answer: VLADIMIR

15. Indicate the name of the city, indicated on the map by a number, where during the period of this campaign there was a republican form of government.

The question is not directly related to the map, rather it is the knowledge of the period. Yes, of course, Mr. Veliky Novgorod, it was here that the boyar republic existed.

Answer: NOVGOROD (NOVGORODVELIKY).

And the last question to the card for multiple choice answers.

Task 16 Unified State Examination in History

Here, too, you need a fairly deep understanding of the topic and its nuances. For example, 1) Did the conquerors invade Russia in the winter? It turns out yes! They were afraid to go through the dense forests of the north-east of Russia, they walked along the beds of frozen rivers. Usually, of course, the nomads attack in the summer, when the horses are full and have eaten on the spring pastures.

2) None of the cities captured by the conquerors survived the siege for more than one week. The small town of Kozelsk (Batu called it "evil"), it is not even marked on this map, withstood 7 weeks of siege, and Torzhok - 2 weeks. Of the five months of the winter campaign of 1237/38 against Russia, Batu spent two months on Kozelsk.

3) Yam and Koporye were captured by the conquerors during the events indicated by arrows on the diagram. For attentiveness. We look at the map, and we see that the troops of Batu Khan simply DID NOT REACH them (as well as to Novgorod the Great, which is much more important, in fact).

4) One of the consequences of the events indicated in the diagram was the beginning of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state. Cause and effect are confused. On the contrary, fragmentation is the root cause of foreign policy failure.

5) The conquerors, whose campaign is indicated by arrows on the diagram, invaded the borders of Russia from the southeast. Just on the knowledge of the cardinal points and the ability to navigate on a geographical map!

6) Russia fell into the yoke - dependence on the state of the Golden Horde, created by Batu in 1243.

Answer: 156.

Thus, having correctly determined what kind of card you were given in the exam, you can immediately get 6 primary points, which will be tenth Your USE scores!

Recall that you can complete tasks with a map and discuss them

Preparation for the OGE and the Unified State Examination

Secondary general education

Line UMK I. L. Andreev, O. V. Volobuev. History (6-10)

General history

Russian history

USE in history: we analyze tasks with a teacher

Sergey Agafonov, co-author , methodologist of the corporation "Russian Textbook" *,teacher of the highest category:“In my opinion, half of the success (if not more) in the exam in history and social studies depends on the number of thoroughly analyzed typical tasks. It is the disassembled tasks, and not just the completed ones. At the same time, it is important to inscribe events, processes, phenomena of national history in the context of universal history, establishing links between various social phenomena and processes.

Evgeny Mikhailovich Polushin, teacher of history and social studies of the 1st category, 5 years of experience as a teacher, graduate of the Faculty of History of Moscow State Pedagogical University. IN AND. Lenina, Ph.D.:“The unified state exam in history consists of 25 tasks. The answers to tasks 1-19 are a sequence of numbers or words, tasks 20-25 require detailed answers. Let's take a look at these tasks. The apparent simplicity of the first 19 tasks is leveled by the lack of answer options, so solid knowledge is required, and you can’t count on luck.”

1. In the first task, it is supposed to arrange in chronological order the events related to national and world history:

1) Convocation of the first Zemsky Sobor

2) Proclamation of Charlemagne as Emperor

3) Accession of Crimea to the Russian Empire

Here it would be good to know the dates firmly: 1) - 1549; 2) - 800; 3) - 1783 and the problem is solved, but such bright events in history are well remembered at least in chronological order.

2. In the second task, you need to establish a correspondence between events and years. And again, you need to know the dates, at least imagine - about the era of the reign of which political figure in question. The events of our history are often correlated with the rulers of the country, why not use this in the exam? The task is complicated by the fact that there are more dates than events, that is, the exclusion method will not work here.

The date of the baptism of Russia is firmly known to any student who takes the Unified State Exam in history - 988. The decree "on free cultivators" is also a textbook - 1803, the abolition of parochialism is clearly associated with the 17th century - 1682, and the 19th conference of the CPSU is Gorbachev, hence 1988.

3. The third task involves the exclusion of two abbreviations that are not related to the period 1945-1953:

1) CPSU; 2) NATO; 3) CMEA; 4) CIS; 5) SNK; 6) UN.

In this case, we will need to know that the SNK (Council of People's Commissars) is the first Soviet government. Its existence belongs to an earlier period, and the CIS (commonwealth of independent states) is currently heard, which also does not correspond to the specified period.

4. Write the term in question:

The highest state position in the Novgorod Republic in the XII-XV centuries. he was elected at the veche for one or two years and supervised the activities of all officials, together with the prince he was in charge of administration and court issues, commanded the army, led the veche meeting and the boyar council.

According to the first words, "The highest state position in the Novgorod Republic ..." it is clear that we are talking about a posadnik. In addition to the posadnik, a thousand man was elected in Novgorod, and he led the city militia as an assistant posadnik. The archbishop was the head of the church, and the prince had only military functions.

5. Establish a correspondence between events and facts:

A couple of World War I - Brusilovsky breakthrough is obvious. The Battle of Austerlitz and the Anti-French Coalitions too. Prince Igor and his famous unsuccessful campaign against the Polovtsy at school are studied, in addition to history, also in the lessons of music and literature. The battle of Klushino is an unsuccessful attempt by Vasily Shuisky to stop the Polish army, after which he was overthrown by the Seven Boyars, and the Poles occupied Moscow.

6. Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers:

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES

BUT)“We grant this nominal decree with our royal and fatherly mercy to all who were previously in the peasantry and in the citizenship of the landlords, to be loyal slaves to our own crown, and we reward with an ancient cross and prayer, heads and beards, liberty and freedom and forever Cossacks, without requiring recruitment collections, per capita and other monetary taxes, possession of lands, forest, hayfields and fishing, and salt lakes without purchase and without dues, and we free all the judges who were previously committed from the villains of the nobles and city bribe-takers to the peasants and all the people - imposed taxes and burdens.

B)“If any of the landowners wishes to release their acquired or ancestral peasants one by one or as a whole village to freedom and at the same time approve a piece of land or a whole dacha for them, then having made conditions with them that are recognized by mutual agreement as the best, he has to present them at the request his through the provincial noble leader to the Minister of the Interior for consideration and presentation to us; and if a decision follows from us according to his desire, then these conditions will be presented in the Civil Chamber and recorded at the serf deeds with the payment of legal duties. ... Peasants and villages, released from the landowners under such conditions with land, if they do not wish to enter into other states, can remain farmers on their own lands and in themselves constitute a special state of free cultivators.

CHARACTERISTICS

1) This document published by Alexander 11
2) The execution of this document is made dependent on the will of the landowners
3) A contemporary of the publication of this document was A.D. Menshikov
4) This document was published by Alexander 1
5) According to this document, some duties introduced by Peter 1 are abolished
6) This document was issued by the leader of the popular uprising.

REASONING

The first fragment refers to the manifestos of Emelyan Pugachev. This becomes apparent when you look at the style - it is similar to the imperial manifestos of the 18th century, as well as the content - the promise of the abolition of recruitment kits and the return of the old cross and beards. It was the recruitment kits and the poll tax that were the innovations of Peter I.

The second fragment is an excerpt from the decree "On free cultivators" of 1803, which, as you know, allowed the landowners to release peasants with land to the will with the consent of the emperor.

Thus, the answer is: A - 5.6; B - 2.4

7. Which three of the following events occurred in the 18th century:

1) Battle of Borodino
2) Gangut naval battle
3) defense of Shipka
4) the battle of Gross-Jägersdorf
5) Sinop naval battle
6) the battle of Rymnik

Here are quite famous battles, let's remember them. The battle of Borodino is the war of 1812, the Gangut naval battle refers to the Northern War of 1700-1721, the defense of Shipka is an episode of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878, the battle of Gross-Egersdorf refers to the Seven Years' War of 1756-1763. , Sinop naval battle - Crimean War, 1853, The Battle of Rymnik took place during the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791.

Accordingly, the 18th century includes: the Gangut naval battle, the Battle of Gross-Jegersdorf and the battle of Rymnik.

8. Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a gap, choose the number of the element you want:

A) Commander of the 62nd Army, which especially distinguished itself in the Battle of Stalingrad ___
B) The complete liberation of Leningrad from the enemy blockade took place in January ___
C) September 30, 1941 began ___

Missing items:
1) defense of the Brest Fortress
2) 1943
3) 1944
4) V.I. Chuikov
5) N.F. Vatutin
6) battle for Moscow

Great Patriotic War in the course of the history of Russia in the XX century. much attention is paid, and significant battles that had a significant impact on the course of the Second World War are especially highlighted. One of them is the Battle of Stalingrad, in which the 62nd Army under the command of V.I. Chuikov.

The Leningrad blockade was lifted during one of the 10 operations of 1944, namely the Leningrad-Novgorod one, while the blockade was broken as early as 1943.

On September 30, 1941, of course, the Battle of Moscow began, that is, its defensive stage, and the counteroffensive near Moscow on December 5-6, 1941 became the first major successful offensive operation of the Red Army in the Second World War.

9. Establish a correspondence between events (processes, phenomena) and participants in these events: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position in the second column:

EVENTS (PROCESSES, PHENOMENA)
A) the development of Siberia and the Far East by Russia
B) internecine war in the Moscow principality
B) Northern War
D) economic reforms of the 1960s. in the USSR

PARTICIPANTS
1) Dmitry Shemyaka
2) Ivan 111
3) E.P. Khabarov principality in the second half of the 15th century.
4) A.N. Kosygin
5) G.A. Potemkin
6) B.P. Sheremetev

The development of Siberia and the Far East by Russia is associated with the name of E.P. Khabarova. The internecine war in the Moscow principality was fought between Vasily the Dark and his brothers Vasily Kosy and Dmitry Shemyaka. B.P. Sheremetev - commander of the Northern War. A.N. Kosygin - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

10. Read an excerpt from the Decree of the Presidium of the Board of the Union of Writers of the USSR and indicate the last name that was omitted three times in the text:

“The awarding ___ of the Nobel Prize, in essence, for the novel Doctor Zhivago, hastily covered up by high-flown phrases about his lyrics and prose, actually emphasizes the political side of the unscrupulous game of reactionary circles ... Considering the political and moral fall of ___, his betrayal of the Soviet people, to the cause of socialism, peace, progress, paid for by the Nobel Prize in the interests of fomenting the Cold War - the Presidium of the Board of the USSR Writers' Union, the Bureau of the Organizing Committee of the Writers' Union of the RSFSR and the Presidium of the Board of the Moscow Branch of the Writers' Union of the RSFSR deprive ___ of the title of Soviet writer, exclude him from the members of the USSR Writers' Union.

In this task, the title of the novel will tell you the name of the author. Of course, this is Pasternak.

11. Fill in the blank cells of the table using the list of missing elements below: for each gap marked with a letter, select the number of the required element:

Missing items:
1) the formation of the Holy Roman Empire
2) the first convocation of the Estates General in France
3) XIII century.
4) Battle of Kulikovo
5) XVII century.
6) the emergence of the state of the Franks
7) X c.
8) oprichnina
9) the beginning of the compilation of Russian Truth

The complexity of this task is that it is necessary to synchronize the events of domestic and foreign history, which is not easy for children.

11th century in the history of Russia is the creation of "Russian Truth".

The battle on the ice or the battle on Lake Peipsi - 1242, which means the XIII century, the baptism of Russia - 988, i.e. X century, and the formation of the Holy Roman Empire in 962 - also X century.

It turns out that in the XIV century. the Battle of Kulikovo took place (1380) and the first convocation of the Estates General in France (1302).

12. Read an excerpt from the Constitution of the USSR:

“Article 1. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a socialist state of the whole people, expressing the will and interests of the workers, peasants and intelligentsia, the working people of all nations and nationalities of the country. Article 2. All power in the USSR belongs to the people. The people exercise state power through the Soviets of People's Deputies, which constitute the political foundation of the USSR. All other state bodies are controlled and accountable to the Councils of People's Deputies. Article 3. The organization and activities of the Soviet state are built in accordance with the principle of democratic centralism: the election of all bodies of state power from top to bottom, accountability to their people, and binding decisions of higher bodies for lower ones. Democratic centralism combines unified leadership with initiative and creative activity in the localities, with the responsibility of each state body and official for the assigned work. Article 4. The Soviet state, all its organs operate on the basis of socialist legality, ensure the protection of law and order, the interests of society, and the rights and freedoms of citizens. State and public organizations and officials are obliged to observe the Constitution of the USSR and Soviet laws. Article 5. The most important issues of state life are submitted for public discussion, as well as put to a nationwide vote (referendum). Article b. The leading and guiding force of Soviet society, the core of its political system, state and public organizations is the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The CPSU exists for the people and serves the people...”.

Using the passage and knowledge of history, select three correct judgments from the list below:

1) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted during the leadership of the USSR I.V. Stalin
2) The principle of democratic centralism implies that the decisions of higher bodies are binding on lower ones
3) Article 5 of this Constitution of the USSR during the entire history of the Soviet Union has never been implemented
4) According to this passage, there is Soviet power in the USSR
5) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted by the XXV Congress of the CPSU
6) One of the articles of the USSR Constitution presented in the excerpt was canceled before the collapse of the USSR

There are several “beacons” in this passage from the Constitution of the USSR that you need to pay attention to:

1) the mention in Art. 6 about the CPSU as the "leading and guiding force" of Soviet society. This immediately indicates that we have before us the "Brezhnev" Constitution of 1977.
2) reference to the referendum.

We need to choose the right judgments. 1) - we brush aside immediately, because led by Brezhnev. 2) - suitable, because in Art. 3 is clear enough about it. 3) - not suitable, because a referendum on the preservation of the USSR was held in 1991 4) - fits unambiguously. 5) - not good, because Party congresses did not adopt the Constitution, but only the Congresses of Soviets. 6) - suitable, because 6 art. was abolished in 1990, before the collapse of the USSR, which took place in 1991.

Review the diagram and complete tasks 13-16:

13. Name the country-opponent of Russia in the war to which the diagram is dedicated:

Tasks on the historical map often cause difficulties. In this case, a map of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 is presented. this is clear from geographical names.

14. What is the name of the commander of the Russian troops in the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number "1":

The number "1" denotes the battle of Mukden in Manchuria. General Kuropatkin commanded the Russian troops.

15. Indicate the name of the battle, the area of ​​​​which is shaded and indicated on the diagram by the number "2":

The number "2" denotes the Tsushima naval battle.

16. What judgments related to the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three sentences from the six offered. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table:

1) The city indicated on the diagram by the number "3" was not surrendered to the enemy
2) The Russian squadron in the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number "2", was commanded by Z.P. Rozhdestvensky
3) The peace treaty following the war, the events of which are indicated in the diagram, was signed in the American city of Portsmouth
4) One of the defenders of the city, indicated on the diagram by the number "3", was R.I. Kondratenko
5) As a result of the war, the events of which are indicated on the diagram, Russia lost the city of Vladivostok
6) In the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number "1", the Russian troops won.

Here again we choose the correct judgments. The number 3 indicates the fortress city of Port Arthur, it was surrendered to the enemy by General Stessel in 1904. Accordingly, 1) is not suitable. 2) - suitable, because The Russian squadron was commanded by Rozhestvensky. 3) - suitable, because the peace treaty was indeed signed in the American Portsmouth. 4) - suitable, because Kondratenko is the hero of the defense of Port Arthur. 5) - not suitable, Russia did not lose Vladivostok. 6) - does not fit, near Mukden, the Russian army, rather, was defeated, and Mukden was captured by the Japanese.

17. Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second column:

MONUMENTS OF CULTURE
A) "The Tale of Bygone Years"
B) Tsar Cannon
C) the painting "Boyar Morozova"
D) sculpture "Worker and Collective Farm Girl"

CHARACTERISTICS
1) a cultural monument created in the 16th century.
2) a cultural monument created in the 17th century. author - I.E. Repin
4) author - V.I. Mukhina
5) author-monk of the Kiev Caves Monastery Nestor
6) author - V.I. Surikov

The Tale of Bygone Years, according to the generally accepted version, was written by the monk Nestor. The Tsar Cannon was cast by master Chokhov in the 16th century. The painting “Boyar Morozova” was painted by V.I. Surikov. The sculpture "Worker and Collective Farm Woman" was created by V.I. Mukhina.

18. What statements about this coin are correct? Choose two sentences from the five offered:

1) This coin was issued after the Caribbean Crisis
2) The monument depicted on the coin was erected in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad
3) By the time of the collapse of the USSR, the number of ribbons on the coat of arms of the USSR depicted on the coin had decreased
4) The war, in which the coin is dedicated to the anniversary of victory, began in the first decade of June
5) The monument depicted on the coin was designed by the sculptor V.I. Mukhina.

The commemorative coin depicts the sculpture "The Motherland Calls". It was created by 1967 according to the project of the sculptor Vuchetich. Again, we choose the right judgments. 1) - right, the Caribbean crisis was in 1962. 2) - right, in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad and installed in Volgograd. Here you can stop, in the condition it was required to choose two correct judgments. 3) - not true, the number of tapes has not changed since 1956. 4) - not true, the Second World War began on June 22, and this is the third decade. 5) - not true, Vuchetich.

19. Specify the photographs showing the buildings, the construction of which was completed in the same period when this coin was issued (during the leadership of the USSR by the same statesman):

To begin with, we need to remember who led the USSR in 1967, by the time the monument “The Motherland Calls!” was opened! In Volgograd. This is L.I. Brezhnev (1964-1982). This means that the building under the number 2) is suitable - the house of the Soviets, built in the late 1970s, and 3) is the house-book on Novy Arbat, built under Brezhnev.

ASSIGNMENTS 20-25

From the Emperor's Manifesto

“Immortal Glory, Wise Monarch, Dear Sovereign, Our Grandfather, Peter the Great, Emperor of All Russia, what a burden and colossal labors he was forced to endure solely for the well-being and benefit of his fatherland, raising Russia to perfect knowledge of both military, civil and political affairs , not only the whole of Europe; but the greater part of the world is an unfaltering witness. But how to restore this it was necessary, in the first place ... to teach the noble nobility and show how great are the advantages of the enlightened powers in the prosperity of the human race against countless peoples, immersed in the depths of ignorance; therefore, at that time, extremeness insisted on the Russian nobility, showing its excellent signs of favor to them, ordered them to enter the military and civil services, and, moreover, to teach noble youth, not only various liberal sciences, but also many useful arts ...
The aforementioned establishment, although at the beginning it was somewhat coercive, but very useful, was followed by all those who have owned the Russian Throne since the time of Peter the Great, and especially Our Dear Aunt, blessed memory, the Empress Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, imitating the deeds of Her Sovereign Parent, knowledge political affairs and various sciences has spread and multiplied ... We see with our pleasure, and every true son of his fatherland must admit that innumerable benefits followed from that, rudeness was exterminated in those who are negligent about the common good, ignorance was changed into common sense, useful knowledge and diligence in service has multiplied skillful and brave generals in military affairs, in civil and political affairs it has appointed people who are knowledgeable and fit for the job, in a word to conclude, noble thoughts have rooted in the hearts of all true Russian patriots boundless fidelity and love for us, great zeal and excellent zeal for Our service, and therefore We do not find the need and, in compulsion to service, which until now has been needed ...

1) All nobles who are in Our different services can continue it for as long as they wish ... "

20. Indicate the year in which this manifesto was issued. Indicate the emperor who issued this manifesto. Specify the name of this manifest:

At the very beginning of the document, it is indicated that this is a manifesto. The text of the document refers to the release of the nobles from the compulsory service established by Peter I. Accordingly, this is the Manifesto on the Liberty of the Nobility of 1762, and its author is Peter III.

21. What, according to the author of the manifesto, is the reason that forced Peter I to oblige the nobles to serve and study? In what way does the author of the manifesto see the merit of Elizaveta Petrovna? How does the author explain the reason for the decision expressed in the last sentence of this passage?

This task can be performed based solely on the text of the document. 1) The reason was the need to have an educated nobility to serve for the benefit of the fatherland. 2) Elizaveta Petrovna “distributed and multiplied various sciences” (founded Moscow University, for example). 3) The reason is that the nobility became educated and diligent in service. And therefore, there is no need to force him to it.

22. List any three measures not mentioned in this manifesto that the author of the manifesto took during his reign:

Peter III ruled for a short time, about six months, was killed by guards conspirators who elevated Catherine II to the throne, but managed to do something. Firstly, he canceled the persecution of the Old Believers (Pugachev promised the old faith, posing as Peter III); secondly, he began the secularization of church lands, which was then continued by Catherine II; thirdly, he led Russia out of the Seven Years' War by entering into an alliance with Prussia, which, in many ways, brought the wrath of the guards on him.

23. In 1990, a program was developed for the transition of the USSR to a market economy, which was called "500 days". Specify any two directions of reforming the economy that were envisaged to be carried out as part of the implementation of this program. Specify the reason for the rejection of this program by the President of the USSR:

The 500 Days program assumed a transition to a market economy, for which it was necessary: ​​1) to privatize state property and 2) to abolish centralized management of the economy, i.e. planning. Gorbachev rejected this program for fear of social unrest.

24. There are debatable problems in historical science, on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science:

"The political activity of Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich was successful"

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it. When presenting arguments, be sure to use historical facts.

REASONING

Arguments to support:

1) Svyatoslav defeated the neighbor of Kievan Rus - the Khazar Khaganate, to which the Slavs once even paid tribute.

2) He appointed the rulers of individual lands not the leaders of tribal unions, as it was before, but his sons, which reduced the risk of separatism.

Arguments in rebuttal:

1) Svyatoslav spent a lot of time on campaigns, leaving Kyiv without cover for the squad, which the Pechenegs used more than once.

2) Svyatoslav was defeated by the Byzantine army, concluding a peace that was not particularly beneficial for Russia, and was killed by the Pechenegs, returning home from this campaign.

25. You need to write a historical essay about one of the periods in the history of Russia:

1) 912-945; 2) December 1812 - December 1825; 3) March 1921 - October 1928. The essay must:

Evgeny Mikhailovich Polushin, history teacher:“I decided to take the period from December 1812 to December 1825. This is the time from the expulsion of the French from Russian territory during the Patriotic War of 1812 to the Decembrist uprising. In this eventful historical period, in my opinion, two stand out especially - the creation of the Holy Alliance in 1815 and the uprising of the Decembrists in 1825.

The initiator of the creation of the Holy Alliance was the Russian Emperor Alexander I, who from his youth dreamed of an international arbitration court, necessary to prevent military conflicts. The Holy Alliance was formed after the Napoleonic Wars in order to preserve the European order that was established after the victory of the anti-French coalition over Napoleonic France and the prevention of revolutions.

This union, originally founded by Russia, Prussia and Austria, gradually included almost all European monarchs. But the existence of the Holy Alliance did not bring the fruits that Alexander I had hoped for. Russia, faithful to the ideals of the Holy Alliance, suppressed the Polish uprising of 1830-1831. and even sent Russian troops to suppress the revolution in Austria-Hungary. Such activity of Russia frightened some European countries and made it possible to suspect our country of expansion plans, for example, in the Balkans, which later affected during the Crimean War, in which Russia had no allies. The lack of allies and international isolation were important reasons for Russia's humiliating defeat in this war.

N. Muravyov is one of the founders of the Northern Society of Decembrists and the author of the "Constitution" - the program of this society. Secret societies arose among Russian officers after the foreign campaign of the Russian army. In Europe, they got acquainted with the way of life and methods of government, which were very different from Russian realities. The absence of serfdom, the relative economic well-being of the peasants, the officers dreamed of realizing in Russia. On the way to this, in their opinion, stood the autocratic power, firmly guarding serfdom and administrative arbitrariness. Although until the end of the 1810s, its young officers hoped for the goodwill of the emperor and dreamed of helping the authorities in reforming the country. Convinced that Alexander lost interest in reforms, the conspirators headed for an armed uprising. The northern society, created by N. Muravyov, represented the moderate wing of the conspirators, who assumed the preservation of the monarchy, provided that it became constitutional. The uprising of the Decembrists, as they were later called, took place on December 14, 1825 and was brutally suppressed by troops loyal to the government. The Decembrists had a huge impact on the further history of our country, stirring up the thinking part of society, becoming an example of disinterested service to the idea of ​​​​the country's well-being. Although there is another opinion formulated by P. Chaadaev. He did not approve of the Decembrist uprisings. He considered it senseless and even harmful, frightened and embittered the authorities, and made liberal reforms impossible in the foreseeable future. In many ways, he was right."

*Since May 2017, the DROFA-VENTANA joint publishing group has been part of the Russian Textbook Corporation. The corporation also included the Astrel publishing house and the LECTA digital educational platform. Alexander Brychkin, a graduate of the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation, candidate of economic sciences, head of innovative projects of the DROFA publishing house in the field of digital education (electronic forms of textbooks, Russian Electronic School, LECTA digital educational platform) has been appointed General Director. Prior to joining the DROFA publishing house, he held the position of Vice President for Strategic Development and Investments of the EKSMO-AST publishing holding.

Today, the Russian Textbook Publishing Corporation has the largest portfolio of textbooks included in the Federal List - 485 titles (approximately 40%, excluding textbooks for correctional schools). The corporation's publishing houses own the sets of textbooks in physics, drawing, biology, chemistry, technology, geography, astronomy, most in demand by Russian schools - areas of knowledge that are needed to develop the country's production potential. The corporation's portfolio includes textbooks and study guides for elementary school awarded the Presidential Prize in Education. These are textbooks and manuals on subject areas that are necessary for the development of the scientific, technical and industrial potential of Russia.

What is given to us?

In the demo version of the exam in history in 2018, four tasks (13-16) are devoted to working with the map.

Tasks 13, 14, 15 are evaluated with a maximum of one point, task 16 - with two points. Thus, on tasks with a card, you can earn (or lose?) 5 primary points out of 55.

Obviously, in order to successfully solve tasks 13-16, it is necessary to navigate the school history course and be able to analyze historical maps. How to learn it?

Step 1. Formula "Textbook + Atlas".

When studying a certain historical period, refer to the relevant historical maps.

This will achieve a double positive effect:

1) It will be easier for you to perceive the textbook material, because the cards complement and visualize it.

2) You will learn how to use the map - gradually and consistently. This will build and strengthen your cartographic skills, and USE assignments will no longer seem so complicated and impossible.

If you are studying foreign policy, then referring to the map is a must. It is very important to imagine the geography of events, patterns of movement of troops, etc. - without a historical map it is difficult to visualize.

However, keep in mind that not only military maps are found in the Unified State Exam in history. Others are also possible - for example, socio-economic ones. There are no restrictions on the code.

But do not be afraid of this - the compilers of the USE options take maps for assignments from school textbooks and atlases (but they can change the scale, for example).

If you work in good faith with historical maps that you meet on the pages of a school textbook or atlas, then no map on the exam will remain incomprehensible to you.

To work with maps, you can use, for example:

A) Danilov's school textbooks - they contain a large amount of both illustrative and cartographic material.

B) Atlases "Bustard"

• 6th grade - until the end of the 16th century
• Grade 7 - late 16th - 18th centuries
• Grade 8 - 19th century
• Grade 9 - XX - beginning of the XXI centuries.

In my opinion, it is most convenient to work with atlases, or rather, with their paper (and not electronic!) version.

Step 2. Practice, practice, and more practice.

If in step 1 we were talking about how to form a fundamental, general skill in working with historical maps, then here we will talk directly about solving tasks in the USE format, i.e. about practice.

There are two key collections of USE assignments with maps:

1) Cartographic training by S.A. Markin.

This collection contains the largest collection of tasks with cards, but the quality of the images in the electronic version leaves much to be desired - half of the cards cannot be disassembled at all. So it’s better to purchase a paper version or use a similar author’s manual for grade 9 (OGE).

2) Collection of typical examination tasks with maps and illustrations, ed. DI. Poltorak.

If you urgently need at least a little practice in solving maps and illustrations, this collection is ideal.

Two more pluses in favor of this edition: at the end of the collection there is a description (name) of all the images used in the tasks, as well as a small selection of historical maps.

3) A selection of tasks with cards from the open FIPI bank.

If you don’t have time to solve tests from numerous collections, then at least you should familiarize yourself with what is posted in the official open bank. In order not to look for tasks for working with a card on the FIPI website, you can use the ready-made . These three files include all the cards that I managed to pull out of the open FIPI bank.

You can also use the sites for training:

I WILL RESOLVE THE USE https://ege.sdamgia.ru/

Dunno https://neznaika.pro/

On these sites, you can create a selection of tasks of a certain type - for example, only tasks 13-16.

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