Antipyretics for children are prescribed by a pediatrician. But there are emergency situations for fever when the child needs to be given medicine immediately. Then the parents take responsibility and use antipyretic drugs. What is allowed to give to infants? How can you bring down the temperature in older children? What medicines are the safest?
"Great geographical discoveries of the new time" - Great - At the feet of a pedestrian, And a drip point - In the Universe. Pharaohs. Cook???????? 2. The ancient Egyptians built majestic ... Cook. Columbus. The Earth spins from sunrise to sunrise. Landing of Columbus on the coast of America. And castles. Ancient Rome. Christopher Columbus. 1519 - 1522. The new century is the century of technical inventions.
"The Age of Discovery" - What is the meaning of the Age of Discovery? James Cook 1768 Marco Polo 13th century. Routes major travels. Vasco Balboa 1513 The era of the great geographical discoveries. Answer the questions: Ferdinand Magellan 1520. Normans (Vikings) 10th century. Abdel Tasman 1644 Vasco da Gama May 20, 1498
"Discoveries" - Destruction of the virtual world of the church. The invisible hand of the market. Sugar, cotton, coffee, cocoa were cultivated. Humanism was the most important ideological prerequisite for nationalism. The result of the Great geographical discoveries and the beginning of the 15th - the middle of the 17th century. So, in 1640 the first English fortress was founded. India - Fort St.
"Discovery of the Earth" - One of the most famous explorers of Africa. Fridtjof Nansen is one of the greatest Norwegian travelers. Give examples of the connection between physical and economic geography? During the lesson, complete the following table. F. Nansen. The first round-the-world voyage of F. Magellan. The news of the discovery by the Spaniards of new lands in the west stimulated the efforts of the Portuguese.
"History of the discovery of the Earth" - Satellite (MODIS) photo of the Strait of Magellan. Primitive people and nature. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, portrait by an unknown artist, 16th century IGDA/G. Ferdinand Magellan. Washington. Antonio Pigafetta. Middle Ages. Columbus name on world map. In 1519-21 he led a Spanish expedition to find a western route to the Moluccas.
"Development of the territories of Russia" - Geographical objects studied and discovered from the XI-XX centuries. Tests to check. B) to the third. B) Siberia, Ural mountains, Irtysh, Ob. B) XIX-XX centuries. B) to the fifth. Geographical objects studied and discovered from the XI-XX centuries. A) The icy sea, the Murmansk coast, the Karelian coast. Questions to check. How they mastered and studied the territory of Russia.
In total there are 6 presentations in the topic
Routes of the most important travels GREAT GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES, a conditional term, adopted mainly in historical literature, denoting the largest geographical discoveries of European travelers in the 15th to the middle of the 17th centuries. In foreign literature, the period of the Great Geographical Discoveries is usually limited to the middle of the 15th to the middle of the 16th century. Great geographical discoveries
The caravel is a symbol of the Great Geographical Discoveries The great geographical discoveries became possible thanks to the success of European science and technology. By the 15th century, sailing ships (caravels) sufficiently reliable for ocean navigation were created, Great geographical discoveries
The walrus's tusk New trade routes forced the search for Turkish conquests, which cut off traditional merchant ties with the East through the Mediterranean. In overseas lands, Europeans hoped to find wealth: precious stones and metals, exotic goods and spices, ivory and walrus tusks. Great geographical discoveries
Coat of arms of Portugal The Portuguese were the first systematic expeditions in the Atlantic Ocean. Portugal's activity at sea was predetermined by her geographic location in the extreme west of Europe and the historical conditions that prevailed after the end of the Portuguese Reconquista. Great geographical discoveries
Henry (Enriki) the Navigator Traditionally, Portugal's success at sea is associated with the name of Prince Henry the Navigator (). He was not only the organizer of sea expeditions, but also seriously engaged in the development of open lands.
Azores In 1416, the Portuguese sailor G. Velho, following south along Africa, discovered the Canary Islands, in 1419 the Portuguese nobles Zarco and Vash Teixeira discovered the islands of Madeira and Porto Santo, in 1431 V. Cabral Azores. Great geographical discoveries
Diogo Can in the Congo During the 15th century, Portuguese caravels explored the sea route along the western coast of Africa, reaching more and more southern latitudes. In the years Diogo Can (Cao) crossed the equator, opened the mouth of the Congo River and passed along the coast of Africa to Cape Cross. Kahn discovered the Namibian deserts, thereby refuting the legend that had existed since the time of Ptolemy about the impassability of the tropics. Great geographical discoveries
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, portrait by an unknown artist, 16th century In 1492, after the capture of Granada and the completion of the reconquista, the Spanish king Ferdinand and Queen Isabella accepted the project of the Genoese navigator Christopher Columbus () to reach the shores of India, sailing west.
1 Colon coin with profile of Columbus The Columbus project had many opponents, but it received the support of scientists from the University of Salaman, the most famous in Spain, and, no less important, among the business people of Seville.
Christopher Columbus (year) From the Canary Islands, Columbus headed west. On October 12, 1492, after a month's sailing in the open ocean, the fleet approached a small island from the group of the Bahamas, then named San Salvador.
The second expedition Subsequently, Columbus made three more trips to America in the years, years, during which part of the Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Trinidad, etc. were discovered; part of the Atlantic coast of Central and South America was surveyed.
Columbus with an anchor and his noble coat of arms For his great discoveries, the Spanish monarch granted Columbus a noble coat of arms, on which "the castle of Castile and the lion of Leon were adjacent to the images of the islands discovered by him, as well as the anchors of the symbols of the admiral's title." Personal coat of arms of Columbus
Vasco da Gama Returning to Portugal in September 1499, Vasco da Gama was greeted with great honor, received a large cash award and the title of "Admiral of the Indian Ocean", as well as the title of Don and the city of Sines and Vila Nova de Milfontes in the fiefdom. In 1519 he received the title of Count Vidigueira.
PORTRAIT OF VASCO DA GAM Later he visited India twice more. He died in Cochin (India) on December 24. The ashes were transported to Portugal and buried in the small church of Quinta do Carmo in Alentejo. In 1880 the ashes were transferred to the Monastery of the Hieronymites in Lisbon.
John Cabot In Spain and Portugal, sea expeditions were equipped annually, which made overseas voyages and discovered new lands. Interested in overseas countries and other European states. In years, England equipped expeditions led by the Italian navigator John Cabot, who reached the shores of North America in the area of the island of Newfoundland. Great geographical discoveries
Pedro Alvares Cabral In 1500, the Portuguese squadron under the command of Pedro Cabral, heading for India, was strongly deviated due to the equatorial current and reached Brazil, which Cabral mistook for an island. Then he continued sailing, rounded Africa and proceeded through the Mozambique Strait to India. Like previous travelers, Cabral considered the land he discovered in the west to be part of Asia. Great geographical discoveries
Alonso de Ojeda On an 18th century engraving. The travels of the navigator Amerigo Vespucci were important for understanding the essence of the discovery of Christopher Columbus. In the years he made four trips to the shores of America, first as part of a Spanish expedition led by Alonso Ojeda, and then under the Portuguese flag. Great geographical discoveries
Amerigo Vespucci Comparing the data obtained, and the Spanish and Portuguese navigators discovered the entire northern coast of South America and its eastern coast to 25 ° south latitude, Vespucci came to the conclusion that the open lands are not Asia, but a new mainland, and proposed calling it the “New World ".
John Cabot's research in North America was continued by his son Sebastian Cabot. In years, leading English expeditions, he tried to find the so-called Northwest Passage to India and managed to reach the Hudson Bay. Having not found a shortcut to India, England showed little interest in open lands across the ocean. hudson bay great geographical discoveries
The difference between America and Asia was finally confirmed by Ferdinand Magellan, who carried out the first circumnavigation (), which became practical evidence of the sphericity of the Earth. Ferdinand Magellan
A ship from Magellan's fleet. Image of 1523 The expedition led by Magellan explored the southeastern part of South America, opened the strait between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans (Strait of Magellan) and sailed through the South Pacific Ocean. Great geographical discoveries
Cordoba, Calahorra tower In the years, the Spanish conquistadors J. Ponce de Leon, F. Cordova, J. Grijalva discovered the entire eastern coast of South and Central America, the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, and the Florida peninsula. Great geographical discoveries
Map of the hike Expedition to Mexico Great geographical discoveries
Map of California in the 17th century. The territory is depicted as an island The search for gold, the mythical country of El Dorado, led the conquistadors far into the depths of the American continent. In the years, Sebastian Cabot, who switched to the Spanish service, explored the lower course of the Parana River and discovered the lower course of the Paraguay River.
Francisco Orellana sailed the Amazon from the Andes to the mouth in 1542. By 1552, the Spaniards explored the entire Pacific coast of South America, discovered the largest rivers of the continent (Amazon, Orinoco, Parana, Paraguay), explored the Andes from 10 ° north latitude to 40 ° south latitude. Francisco de Orellana as depicted by a contemporary artist.
HERNANDO DE SOTO In the second quarter of the 16th century, French navigators also achieved significant success. J. Verrazano (1524) and J. Cartier () discovered the eastern coast of North America and the St. Lawrence River. In the years, the Spaniards E. Soto and F. Coronado traveled to the Southern Appalachians and the Southern Rocky Mountains, to the basins of the Colorado and Mississippi rivers.
Russian explorer Semyon Dezhnev, who discovered the strait between the Asian continent and America. Russian explorers explored the northern coast of the Ob, Yenisei and Lena and mapped the contours of the northern coast of Asia. In 1642, Yakutsk was founded, which became the base for expeditions to the Arctic Ocean. Great geographical discoveries
Russian explorer Semyon Dezhnev, who discovered the strait between the Asian continent and America Great geographical discoveries In 1648, Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev (c) left the Kolyma and bypassed the Chukotka peninsula, proving that the Asian continent was separated from America by the strait. The outlines of the northeastern coast of Asia were refined and mapped (1667, "Drawing of the Siberian Land").
Cape Dezhnev But Dezhnev's report on the discovery of the strait lain for 80 years in the Yakut archives and was published only in 1758. In the 18th century. the strait discovered by Dezhnev was named after the Danish navigator in the Russian service, Vitus Bering, who in 1728 rediscovered the strait. In 1898, in memory of Dezhnev, a cape in the northeastern tip of Asia was named after him. Great geographical discoveries
Henry Hudson made four expeditions to North America in his years. He passed through the strait between Labrador and Baffin Island into a vast bay deep in North America. Later, both the strait and the bay were named after Hudson. A river in eastern North America is also named after him, at the mouth of which the city of New York later arose. Hudson's fate ended tragically, in the spring of 1611, the rebellious crew of his ship landed him and his teenage son in a boat in the middle of the ocean, where they went missing. HENRY HUDSON
John Davis spent three years sailing in the waters of the North Atlantic, discovered the strait between Greenland and America (Davis Strait), explored the coast of the Labrador Peninsula. john davis great geographical discoveries
Portrait of William Buffin by Hendrik van der Borcht William Buffin sailed in Arctic waters in years: made expeditions to the shores of Svalbard, explored the Hudson Bay and the sea, later named after him, discovered a number of islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, moving along the western coast of Greenland reached 78 ° northern latitude. Samuel de Champlain In the first quarter of the 17th century. Europeans begin to explore North America. At first, France was the most successful in this region. The first governor of Canada, Samuel Champlain explored part of the east coast of North America, traveled deep into the continent: discovered the Northern Appalachians, climbed up the St. Lawrence River to the Great Lakes and reached Lake Huron. By 1648, the French had discovered all five of the Great Lakes.
At the same time, at the beginning of the 17th century, European navigators penetrated the most distant part of the world from Europe, located south of Southeast Asia. The Spaniard Luis Torres in 1606 discovered the southern coast of New Guinea and passed through the strait separating Asia and Australia (Torres Strait). Torres Strait Map Great Geographical Discoveries
Abel Janszon Tasman In the years. Dutchman Abel Tasman discovered Tasmania, New Zealand, Fiji, part of the coast of Northern and Western Australia. Tasman defined Australia as a single land mass and named it New Holland. But Holland did not have enough resources to develop a new continent and a century later it had to be rediscovered. Great geographical discoveries
⇡ Tripline.com
With the help of this site, you can prepare exciting interactive videos showing your movement on a Google Maps map. They look like this: from one point to another, a red line passes sequentially, indicating your route. At key points, traffic stops to allow the viewer to read information and watch a photo slideshow; all this is accompanied by a musical composition. At any time, you can pause the view, switch to manual mode and change the scale of the surface.
Travel map created with Tripline.net
To create a map, you must log in to the site under your account (registration is supported only through ). After that, you should click the Create a new map button, which is located next to the search bar. There are three ways to create a map:
Let's take a closer look at the manual editing option. At the first stage, you need to enter the name of the card, its type (trip, hike, cruise, etc. - more than twenty options on English language), where you've been (for example, Europe or Africa), privacy options (private, with friends, public), and mark other options.
Creation new card at tripline.net
The next step is to add the key points that make up the journey. The starting point is your location on , which you can edit or delete. You need to add new places using the add places button - they will be marked on the map with the numbers 1, 2, 3, and so on. You can do this in three ways: by searching for settlements on Google Maps, by entering geographic coordinates, and manually by dragging a marker on the map. However, in the same way, you can change the position of points added automatically. For each point, not only the location is indicated, but also the date, time of visit, and information such as the name, description, personal notes, as well as how it appears in the video: stop at it, drive past it, or view a slide show. You are free to determine how many points you need to fix in the route - however, it should be borne in mind that the service lays straight lines between them, not taking into account any roads or obstacles, and if you want to demonstrate the complexity and sinuosity of the route, you will have to create many points at every turn of the road.
Editing a Point on a Map in Tripline.net
Before saving the map, you can edit the information about it again and choose a melody that will accompany the viewing. Unfortunately, you cannot upload your own sound file - you have to be content with a choice of more than ten standard compositions: African motifs, jazz, indie and others. Photos can be added after the map has been created by clicking on the camera icon in the point options. You can upload photos from your computer or import them from , , Flickr, and Picasa online albums. Comments are also added to the descriptions of places.
Adding travel photos to Tripline.net
⇡ Tripster.ru
This is a Russian service, the purpose of which is to help organize independent travel. Here you can find questions and answers from travelers, search for flights and hotels, and in your profile you can mark cities where you have already been and where you plan to travel. Registration is carried out in several steps. On the first of them, you need to check the boxes next to the visited cities of Russia, Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America. Only the most popular cities are displayed, you can add the rest later.
Registration on Tripster.ru. First step
When you click the "Get a card" button, you go to the second step, where you need to enter profile data - e-mail, page address on the service (like tripster.ru/user), first name, last name and the name of your city. After that, you can proceed to bulk adding marks near all visited places: in this mode, a Google Maps map and a list of settlements corresponding to this zoom level are displayed. If the European part of Russia is in the center, then Moscow, St. Petersburg and others will be on the list, and if Siberia, then Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk and so on. The usual search by city names also works.
Adding cities to Tripster.ru
The finished travel map can be viewed in your profile, as well as embedded in a blog or personal website. To do this, you need to copy the HTML code of the map in the settings. It displays a Google Maps section with labels, and above the map there is a plate with approximately the following information: “user was in 28 cities and 7 countries”, and you can switch to more detailed statistics, including the place and result among all users of the service. In addition, you can embed a button on your site with similar information, but without a map.
Map from Tripster.ru inserted into a post by a LiveJournal user
The service also allows you to mark the cities you want to visit and collect various information about upcoming trips. You can use these opportunities to organize future trips.
⇡ Flagatrip.ru
Another Russian service that hosts a large amount of information from travelers. You can mark places you have visited, post travel reports and plan future events, upload photos and videos, and share reviews. The site has well-developed elements of social networks - you can view the profiles of other users, add friends, join communities. After completing the registration procedure, you will be able to start creating your card. To do this, go to your profile and click the "Create and edit" link.
Creating a trip map on Flagatrip.ru
First, you can add or change your current place of residence and list the places you have visited one by one. When entering a name, they are selected from the list; as elsewhere, the cartographic database Google Maps is used. Please note that visiting places are not only added here - they can also be noted when creating reports. The report is generated in several steps. On the first one, you need to select the start and end dates of the trip, mark its type (hitchhiking, trip with children, bicycle, and so on), enter the points of departure and destination, and there may be several of the latter - you can check them “was passing through”. For each point, you should note the type of transport that was used for movement (they are presented in the form of icons - an airplane, car, bus, boat, and others), and in destinations you can also indicate the hotels where you stayed.
Create a trip report on Flagastrip.ru
On the second step to the report tags are added, and on the third, a description is entered. It includes the title of the report, information about the trip ( visual editor text allows you to highlight the font, insert links, emoticons, photos, videos and tables), individual facts and a folder with the corresponding photos. After clicking the "Finish!" the report will be generated and the labels of the listed items will appear on your map. You can set the size of the map (small, medium, large or custom) and copy the HTML code to paste on your website or blog LiveJournal, LiveInternet, Blogspot. You can also copy the button code "I visited so many countries" or "I visited so many places in so many countries".
Profile of Flagatrip.ru
The places you have visited are marked on the map with flags. This is not the only category of objects - in addition to locations, icons of hotels, attractions, restaurants, entertainment, events, and outdoor activities can be located on the map. You can switch between them using the buttons in the top right row. To add such an object to the map, you need to leave a review, indicating the name, location, rating and description. If you did it first, you will receive the status of the discoverer of this place. Reviews are available for viewing by other users in the "Travel Guides" section, where a significant information base has been formed through the efforts of travelers. Useful information from it can be added to "Favorites". In addition to reviews, you can post photos and videos. Another feature that is worth mentioning is the ability to plan future trips in the same way that a report is generated on those already made.
⇡ Routes.ru
This site is a community of traveling people. There is a lot of background information here. topographic maps, books, presented routes, a calendar of events, searches for places, schedules and tickets, hotels, a forum and services such as an online store for travel equipment, car rental. Among the functions there is the ability to compile reports on the routes traveled and a map of your travels. Registration is rather unusual: you need to correctly answer at least three of the five geographical questions - where is Kamchatka, Baikal and the like. Interestingly, to answer you need to set a marker on a Google Maps map; if you put it in the wrong place, you will be prompted to choose one of four answers.
Registration on route.ru. Passing the geography test
After you have given the correct answers, you should complete the registration, then add at least five directions of travel by train or plane - this is necessary to form the initial travel map. Here you select the start and end points of the trip, as well as the type of transport. The service uses its own database of geographical objects, which is not as extensive as Google Maps, and the most deaf settlements on the list cannot be found. Remarkably, the routes are laid taking into account the existing railways and airlines, it even shows the distance in kilometers (routes of existing carrier companies are taken, in some directions a link is provided for more detailed information). Although if you specify a non-existent route (by train to the USA), then a straight line will be drawn between the two points. The only frustrating thing here is that the map does not take into account road traffic.
Adding initial directions of trips to Marshruty.ru
After filling in the directions of travel, you can mark the places visited by simply indicating the cities, seas, rivers, mountains and caves that you have visited. Cities are grouped by regions and countries, other objects are also divided by regions. It is worth saying that there are much fewer of them in the directory than settlements (only the most famous - the Volga, Everest and the like), and you will have to indicate the location of most of the conquered peaks and rivers passed manually. To do this, you need to specify brief information about the object - type, name, description, where it is located - and mark the point on Google Maps. All added objects on your map (mountains, rivers, etc.) are highlighted with a symbolic icon, visited regions will also be highlighted and travel extreme points on the four cardinal points will be marked.
Map of the active traveler on Marshruty.ru
You can generate not only a travel map, but also reports on the routes traveled; links to them will be present in the description of the added objects. The new route is added in several stages. First you need to enter the name, description, travel area, start and end dates, indicate the types of activity (cycling, diving, and so on). You can then edit the interactive route map. This is done either manually or by importing a finished track, which can be downloaded from a GPS navigator or created using Google Earth - wpt, gpx, kml and kmz formats are supported. If you form the route yourself, then you should add the places visited one by one (this can be either settlements from the handbook, and "halts on the sidelines") and draw a line of travel. The transition to the drawing mode is carried out by clicking on the map; you can create an unlimited number of points by forming a path path. You can also link photos to the map. To do this, you need to add an album, upload pictures to it and associate them with a place, which is done automatically if they contain geotags in EXIF information (there is another function - combining images by date and time with a track from a GPS navigator), or in manual mode, marking a cross on the card for each shot.
The route report on Marshruty.ru is replete with various information
Unfortunately, the created maps cannot be embedded on your website or blog - you can only share links to them. Site visitors have the opportunity to see your profile, which displays the number of countries, cities and other places visited, the total length of rail and air travel (in kilometers), the extreme points reached.
⇡ Panoramio.com
Strictly speaking, Panoramio is not a service for travelers, but it is great for this role - but only if you bring back loads of pictures from your trips. This site, owned by Google, is designed to post photos with geographic coordinates. The uploaded images will be displayed on your map in the places where they were taken, which will allow you to estimate the geography of your movement around the world. In addition, after verification by the moderator, the photos will be available for viewing by other users of the service, and will also be displayed in Google Earth with the "Images" layer active.
You can sign in to the site with your Google account. After that, you should upload photos, they are also imported from Picasa Web Albums or Google+ albums. If the file already contains geographic coordinates in EXIF information, the service will automatically determine them; otherwise, you need to link photos to Google Maps. To do this, you need to drag the marker to the appropriate place on the map (you can use the search) and click the "Finish" button.
Linking photos to the map on Panoramio.com
You should be aware that the pictures will become public after a certain amount of time required by the moderators - from a couple of hours to several days. In Google Earth, after that, they become visible when the database is updated, which happens several times a week. Regardless of whether the photos have been moderated or not, you can view your photos in both ways - on the map and in Google Earth, by downloading the file with tags in the kml format. The map will look something like the following screenshot - you can place a link to it wherever you want.
By the efforts of one person, of course, such a map cannot be made. But that's what you need to strive for.
Similar functionality is present on the Yandex.Fotki website with their Photo on Map service. If you are a supporter of Yandex, then you can just as well use a similar solution from a domestic company.
⇡ Conclusion
Summing up this review, we cannot unequivocally say which of the services is the best for creating a travel map - everywhere they use their own approach to complete this task. Tripline.net allows you to create vivid presentation videos about your trips. On Tripster.ru you can mark all the cities and countries you have visited. Flagatrip.ru is more of a social network where users post reports and reviews. Marshruty.ru takes a scientific approach to travel analysis. And finally, Panoramio.com will be useful for those who like to travel the world with a camera.
Back forward
Attention! The slide preview is for informational purposes only and may not represent the full extent of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.
Goals.
Minimum: possession of elementary methods of reading a map by the end of grade 2: determining land and water, height, landforms, symbols.
Minimax: Learn how to draw rivers, plains, mountains, islands, and seas.
DURING THE CLASSES
1. Organizational moment
- Guys, check the readiness for the lesson, wish good luck to yourself and your friends. Remember what rules you need to follow for friendly and effective work in the classroom. So, go!
2. Checking homework (work in pairs)
slide 2
Divide the suggested words into groups. If you find it difficult to complete this task, use the hint.
Each pair has the given words, a sheet of paper and glue. After completing the work, it is necessary to coordinate the versions of the students.
- Explain why you divided it this way. What words do you think are the most important?
Students. The map and the globe is the topic of the last lesson. Under the map, you need to sign “rectangle” and “distortion”, and under the globe - “ball” and “model”.
slide 3
- Right. What is a "map"?
Students. Image of the Earth on a plane.
- Real size?
Students. No.
- What is the name of the conventional unit, which shows how many times the distance is reduced?
Students. Scale.
Today we will continue talking about the map and the globe.
3. Actualization of knowledge and statement of the problem (work in groups)
slide 4
– Our heroes Misha and Lena went to visit a familiar artist. In the workshop, he showed them a lot of paintings, in which the guys saw the landscapes of the places where the artist had visited.
- And Lena looked at the paintings and still could not understand how the master manages to convey the view of nature in volume. Let's help Lena by answering her questions.
slide 5
Students. The first picture shows a circle, and the second is a ball.
– How did you guess?
Students. Volume is added to the ball with the help of color and shadow. Where it is lighter - a glare, and where it is darker, you can see a gray shadow. Therefore, we understand that we have a convex object in front of us.
slide 6
Now look at these squares. Do they seem strange to you?
Students. When we look at them, the darker square appears to be closer. Plus it looks bigger.
- Correctly. Let's match them (left click) and make sure they are actually the same size. Why did it happen?
Students. The color and thickness of the contour of the figures helped.
– What conclusion can be drawn? What can be conveyed with color?
Students. Volume. Brighter objects appear closer than pale ones.
4. Collaborative discovery of knowledge (work in groups)
Slide 7
Look at the map of the hemispheres. Guess (click the left mouse button) what and what color is indicated on the map.
Group assumptions.
– Let's check our assumptions with the help of the text (p. 90). What do the colors on the map mean?
Students. Shades of green, yellow and brown - plains and mountains. Shades of blue - the sea and rivers.
– Remember this (left click)!
Slide 8
– Look at the photograph of our planet from space and at the model of our Earth in my hands. What is more on Earth: water or land?
– How did you guess?
Let's summarize our research. What does each color represent? Why do we understand what height is shown? How is the transition from one height to another shown?
Students. There are different colors on the map. All colors except blue indicate land (green - plains, yellow - sands, brown - mountains). Each color is bounded by a line. These are the boundaries between one height and another. In addition to height, depth is also indicated on the maps. In water, the darker the color, the deeper.
Slide 9
Look closely at this map and answer the questions:
- What geographical features are shown on it?
- Where is the highest place?
- Where is the best place to swim?
- Where will deep sea fish be caught?
- What will be useful to you on the way along a given route (click the left mouse button)?
- What are the dangers in this area? How to deal with them?
– What conclusion can be drawn?
Students. With the help of a map, we can learn even more than when looking at a drawing, a photograph. The map gives a lot of important information!
5. Independent application of knowledge, secondary consolidation
Tasks in the textbook on pages 92-93 (frontally).
Slide 10
- Select a photo from Slide a with an image of any geographical object and try to draw a map of this area.
Students work in pairs, check each other, find and correct mistakes.
- What colors did you use? What do they stand for?
Answers.
slide 11
- Sometimes it seems to us that the most beautiful views can be seen on Earth and transferred to the artist's paintings. And only sometimes we can imagine what our planet looks like from space. Let's once again visit the artist's studio, but this time Nature herself will be the artist.
Slides 12-14
- And now you will see satellite images of various geographical objects. Compare them with the image on the map and the photo taken on the spot. Name each object and the main color it is depicted on the map.
– How is a map different from a photograph of the Earth from space?
Students. On the map, many objects are marked with the help of special symbols, but in the photograph they can be indistinguishable.
- Why are trees, grass, sand not depicted on the map?
Students. On the scale of the map, these objects can hardly be distinguished.
- When you saw these pictures, did you want to make a model of the area that the spacecraft saw? Consult with the group, and if you are interested, you can make it with the whole group. After a few lessons, these layouts will be useful to us for experiments.
Distribution of tasks by groups.
- A competition is announced for the best layout sketch. At the very best, you can make a large layout with the whole class, so that it has mountains, and rivers, and a plain, and ice.
6. Summary of work
Students. Know what is indicated on it, travel.
slide 15 (students independently read what is written on Slide e, and then work with individual travel maps).
- Be careful! Remember: the map provides a lot of important information!
Students. At first, Afanasia Nikitin sailed along the river on a ship. It's called the Volga. Nikitin's path ran along the plain. It's called East European. Then the traveler sailed on a ship across the sea, which in our time is called the Caspian Sea. After that he crossed the mountains. They are called the Iranian Highlands. Then Afanasy Nikitin boarded the ship again and sailed across the Arabian Sea to India.
- Well done! What did you find interesting about the lesson?
– What was difficult? Where is knowledge useful? Evaluate your work in class.
7. Homework- "Sharp eye"
slide 16
- Look again at the route of Afanasy Nikitin and try to draw landscapes of the area where his path lay.
- Thank you for the lesson!
Help for the teacher.
Afanasy Nikitin is a Russian traveler, Tver merchant and writer. He traveled from Tver to Persia and India (1468-1474). On the way back he visited the African coast (Somalia), Muscat and Turkey. Nikitin's travel notes “Journey beyond three seas” is a valuable literary and historical monument. Marked by the versatility of observations, as well as unusual for the Middle Ages religious tolerance, combined with devotion to the Christian faith and native land.
The year of birth of Afanasy Nikitin is unknown. He died in the spring of 1475.
Photos taken from sites:
http://www.dumka.ru/product425.html
http://nub1an.livejournal.com/
http://www.scanex.ru/ru/gallery/index07.html
http://www.hobitus.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
http://uchkol.rbs.ru/
http://images.yandex.ru/
http://taina.aib.ru/biography/afanasij-nikitin.htm
http://www.deti.religiousbook.org.ua/big_foto/e7-8.html
People are vain. Bloggers are vain all the more. They are measured by places in the top, social capital and other attributes of success in virtual life. Well, travel bloggers are triple conceited. They have the opportunity to compete in the number of visited countries and cities, in kilometers of routes and flights. Fortunately, on the Internet there are enough all kinds of services that allow you to visualize and calculate your tourist achievements. The main one of these tools is travel maps. I do not set myself the task of reviewing sites and programs that allow you to map your travels. There are a lot of them. I will only talk about the ones that I use myself.
Although I am not a blogger or a traveler, curiosity and vanity are not alien to me either. I also try to keep travel statistics and maps are my favorite tool for this.
In this post, I will limit myself to post-factum travel mapping (mapping routes already traveled). Maps used online during trips (both paper and electronic), navigation and building routes online are a topic for a separate discussion.
Maps of visited countries
The most global map available to a tourist or traveler, unless, of course, he has patched to Mars is a map of visited countries. Such a map usually also performs the function of a counter, indicating the number of countries.
You can find at least a dozen sites that allow you to create such a map interactively and provide a code to embed on your page, for example, in LiveJournal.
They differ in ease of use, graphics and, most importantly, in their approach to the number of countries. Someone considers only officially recognized independent states, someone also includes territories with a special status (for example, Hong Kong and Macau), and someone does not find any little-known countries like my beloved Kiribati.
I use the very first service that appeared on the web (http://douweosinga.com), which generates the simplest graphical map (1):
This service considers only "official" countries, of which I have accumulated 61.
Another version of the map - from http://bighugelabs.com - looks good, but adds Hong Kong, Macau and the Åland Islands to me (2):
The prettiest in terms of graphics, but not the most convenient for embedding on your site, is the map from http://www.ampap.com/ (3):
Maps of visited regions by country
This type of map allows you to paint over visited regions on a world or country map. This makes sense, first of all, for large countries with a federal structure, so there are such services for the USA, Canada, Australia, Brazil, and Russia.
For Russia, such maps can be built using at least two services - www.visited.ru and http://xtalk.msk.su/rusmap/.
Maps of visited places and cities
Some services allow you to combine visited countries and visited places. True, the choice of places remains the privilege of the authors of the service and is not always clear.
RunKeeper draws routes in GoogleMaps and saves them on its website in the user account.
Here, for example, is a RunKeeper 12 km walking map of Riga with additional information (time, pace, calories, terrain and pace change graph) (15):
And this is a GPS tracking walk in San Francisco with a length of 16 km (16):
The only big disadvantage of RunKeeper is its buggy. With long routes, it often hangs and does not allow you to record the entire route. However, this may not be related to the application, but to its carrier.
Rail route maps
For these purposes, I did not find a suitable service. I built a map of my train routes in Google's Maps Engine, not caring too much about the accuracy of displaying the railways. On a small scale it looks like this (17):
Air travel maps and databases
Here, unlike the railway, there are several good services that allow you to maintain a database of air travel and display them on the map. I use Flight Memory (http://www.flightmemory.com) and Open Flights (http://openflights.org/) services. One of them is better suited for maintaining a base of flights, and the other is better at building maps. Fortunately, Flight Memory data can be imported into Open Flights.
Both services allow you to maintain a database of air travel, generate a lot of interesting statistics and flight maps.
Here, for example, is my general flight statistics for 2010-2012 (I was too lazy to enter earlier flights) from Flight Memory (18):
And here are the statistics for airports, airlines, aircraft, routes (19):
Flight Memory generates separate cards for domestic and international flights, which, in my opinion, is inconvenient. This is how my map of international flights for 2010-12 from Flight Memory (20) looks like:
The map from Open Flights seems to me to be more successful in terms of graphics and it does not divide flights into domestic and international ones. My 2012 flight map (21):
Questions
With all the variety of services for building route and travel maps, there are no ideal tools. In this regard, several questions remain.
Are there any universal services for maintaining travel statistics with routes and maps - like Flight Memory, but for any type of movement?
Are there specialized services for building routes by rail and sea?
Well, I will be glad to any advice on the topic.
Good luck satisfying your curiosity and vanity. The cards have been dealt out.
