What is shown on the map is the routes of the most important travels. History of geographical maps

Travel technologies. Maps of countries and routes May 26th, 2013

People are vain. Bloggers are vain all the more. They are measured by places in the top, social capital and other attributes of success in virtual life. Well, travel bloggers are triple conceited. They have the opportunity to compete in the number of visited countries and cities, in kilometers of routes and flights. Fortunately, on the Internet there are enough all kinds of services that allow you to visualize and calculate your tourist achievements. The main one of these tools is travel maps. I do not set myself the task of reviewing sites and programs that allow you to map your travels. There are a lot of them. I will only talk about the ones that I use myself.

Although I am not a blogger or a traveler, curiosity and vanity are not alien to me either. I also try to keep travel statistics and maps are my favorite tool for this.

In this post, I will limit myself to post-factum travel mapping (mapping routes already traveled). Maps used online during trips (both paper and electronic), navigation and building routes online are a topic for a separate discussion.

Maps of visited countries

The most global map available to a tourist or traveler, unless, of course, he has patched to Mars is a map of visited countries. Such a map usually also performs the function of a counter, indicating the number of countries.

You can find at least a dozen sites that allow you to create such a map interactively and provide a code to embed on your page, for example, in LiveJournal.

They differ in ease of use, graphics and, most importantly, in their approach to the number of countries. Someone considers only officially recognized independent states, someone also includes territories with a special status (for example, Hong Kong and Macau), and someone does not find any little-known countries like my beloved Kiribati.

I use the very first service that appeared on the web (http://douweosinga.com), which generates the simplest graphical map (1):

This service considers only "official" countries, of which I have accumulated 61.

Another version of the map - from http://bighugelabs.com - looks good, but adds Hong Kong, Macau and the Åland Islands to me (2):

The prettiest in terms of graphics, but not the most convenient for embedding on your site, is the map from http://www.ampap.com/ (3):

Maps of visited regions by country

This type of map allows you to paint over visited regions on a world or country map. This makes sense, first of all, for large countries with a federal structure, so there are such services for the USA, Canada, Australia, Brazil, and Russia.

For Russia, such maps can be built using at least two services - www.visited.ru and http://xtalk.msk.su/rusmap/.

Maps of visited places and cities

Some services allow you to combine visited countries and visited places. True, the choice of places remains the privilege of the authors of the service and is not always clear.

RunKeeper draws routes in GoogleMaps and saves them on its website in the user account.

Here, for example, is a RunKeeper 12 km walking map of Riga with additional information (time, pace, calories, terrain and pace change graph) (15):

And this is a GPS tracking walk in San Francisco with a length of 16 km (16):

The only big disadvantage of RunKeeper is its buggy. With long routes, it often hangs and does not allow you to record the entire route. However, this may not be related to the application, but to its carrier.

Rail route maps

For these purposes, I did not find a suitable service. I built a map of my routes along the railway in Google Maps Engine, not caring too much about the accuracy of the display railways. On a small scale it looks like this (17):

Air travel maps and databases

Here, unlike the railway, there are several good services that allow you to maintain a database of air travel and display them on the map. I use Flight Memory (http://www.flightmemory.com) and Open Flights (http://openflights.org/) services. One of them is better suited for maintaining a base of flights, and the other is better at building maps. Fortunately, Flight Memory data can be imported into Open Flights.

Both services allow you to maintain a database of air travel, generate a lot of interesting statistics and flight maps.

Here, for example, is my general flight statistics for 2010-2012 (I was too lazy to enter earlier flights) from Flight Memory (18):

And here are the statistics for airports, airlines, aircraft, routes (19):

Flight Memory generates separate cards for domestic and international flights, which, in my opinion, is inconvenient. This is how my map of international flights for 2010-12 from Flight Memory (20) looks like:

The map from Open Flights seems to me to be more successful in terms of graphics and it does not divide flights into domestic and international ones. My 2012 flight map (21):

Questions

With all the variety of services for building route and travel maps, there are no ideal tools. In this regard, several questions remain.

Are there any universal services for maintaining travel statistics with routes and maps - like Flight Memory, but for any type of movement?

Are there specialized services for building routes by rail and sea?

Well, I will be glad to any advice on the topic.

Good luck satisfying your curiosity and vanity. The cards have been dealt out.

It is impossible to establish when a person made the first card. It is only known that many millennia before our era, man already knew the surrounding area well and knew how to depict it on sand or tree bark. These cartographic images served to indicate roaming routes, hunting places, etc.

With the development of the economy and the cultural needs of people, their horizons expanded. Many more hundreds of years passed. People, in addition to hunting and fishing, began to engage in cattle breeding and agriculture. This new, higher stage of culture was also reflected in drawings-plans. They become more detailed, more expressive, more accurately convey the character of the area.

One of the oldest images of the hunting grounds of the North Caucasus has survived to this day. It is engraved on silver around 3 thousand years BC. e., i.e., about 5 thousand years ago. The picture shows a lake and rivers flowing into it, flowing down from a mountain range. The animals that lived in those days on the slopes of the Caucasus Mountains or in the valleys are also depicted here.

This most valuable cultural monument of the ancient inhabitants of our country was found by scientists during excavations of one of the mounds on the banks of the river. Kuban near Maykop.

Under the slave system in the ancient world, compiling geographical maps achieved great development. The Greeks established the sphericity of the Earth and its dimensions, introduced cartographic projections, meridians and parallels into science.

One of the most famous scientists of the ancient world, geographer and astronomer Claudius Ptolemy, who lived in the city of Alexandria (at the mouth of the Nile River) in the 2nd century, compiled detailed map A land that no one has created before him.

This map shows three parts of the world - Europe, Asia and Libya (as Africa was then called), as well as the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean and other seas. The map has already a degree grid. Ptolemy introduced this grid in order to more correctly depict the spherical shape of the Earth on the map. The rivers, lakes, peninsulas of Europe and North Africa known at that time are shown quite accurately on Ptolemy's map.

If we compare Ptolemy's map with the modern one, it is easy to see that the areas located far from the Mediterranean region, that is, known to Ptolemy only by rumor, received fantastic outlines.

Particularly striking is the fact that Asia is not depicted in its entirety. Ptolemy did not know where it ended in the north and east. He also did not know about the existence of the Arctic and Pacific oceans. Africa continues on the map to the South Pole and passes into some kind of land, connecting in the east with Asia. Ptolemy did not know that Africa ended in the south and was washed by the ocean. He did not know about the existence of independent continents - America, Antarctica and Australia. Ptolemy depicted the Indian Ocean as a closed sea, into which it is impossible to pass on ships from Europe. And yet, in the ancient world and in the following centuries, until the 15th century, no one made a better map of the world than Ptolemy.

An ancient Egyptian map of the gold mines, the so-called Turin Papyrus. The map is a combination of a plan drawing with a profile drawing. This is a cartographic technique that was used until the 18th century. The mountains are shown in profile. The plan shows: a gold-bearing vein; a temple consisting of two halls and adjoining rooms; settlement of mine workers; basin for washing ore.

The Romans made extensive use of maps for administrative and military purposes; they made road maps.

During the Middle Ages, the achievements of ancient science were forgotten for a long time. The Church entered into a fierce struggle with scientific ideas about the structure and origin of the world.

Fables were taught in schools about the creation of the world by God in six days, about the global flood, about heaven and hell. The idea of ​​the sphericity of the Earth was considered "heretical" by churchmen and was strictly persecuted. The idea of ​​the Earth has taken on an absolutely fantastic form. In the VI century. Byzantine merchant - monk Kozma Indikoplios depicted the Earth in the form of a rectangle.

The main type of maps are rough, far from reality and devoid of a scientific basis "monastery maps". They testify to the decline of cartography in medieval Europe. During this period, many small closed states arose in Europe. With a subsistence economy, these feudal states did not need connections with the outside world.

By the end of the Middle Ages, trade and navigation began to develop in the cities of Europe, art and science flourished.

In the XIII-XIV centuries. in Europe, a compass and marine navigation charts, the so-called portolans, appear.

These maps depicted the coastline in detail and very accurately, while the inner parts of the continents remained empty or were filled with pictures from the life of the peoples inhabiting them.

The era of great geographical discoveries created the conditions for the rise of cartographic science: navigators needed a good, truthful geographical map. In the seventeenth century more correct maps appeared, built in new cartographic projections.

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People are vain. Bloggers are vain all the more. They are measured by places in the top, social capital and other attributes of success in virtual life. Well, travel bloggers are triple conceited. They have the opportunity to compete in the number of visited countries and cities, in kilometers of routes and flights. Fortunately, on the Internet there are enough all kinds of services that allow you to visualize and calculate your tourist achievements. The main one of these tools is travel maps. I do not set myself the task of reviewing sites and programs that allow you to map your travels. There are a lot of them. I will only talk about the ones that I use myself.

Although I am not a blogger or a traveler, curiosity and vanity are not alien to me either. I also try to keep travel statistics and maps are my favorite tool for this.

In this post, I will limit myself to post-factum travel mapping (mapping routes already traveled). Maps used online during trips (both paper and electronic), navigation and building routes online are a topic for a separate discussion.

Maps of visited countries

The most global map available to a tourist or a traveler, unless of course he has patched Mars, is a map of visited countries. Such a map usually also performs the function of a counter, indicating the number of countries.

You can find at least a dozen sites that allow you to create such a map interactively and provide a code to embed on your page, for example, in LiveJournal.

They differ in ease of use, graphics and, most importantly, their approach to the number of countries. Someone considers only officially recognized independent states, someone also includes territories with a special status (for example, Hong Kong and Macau), and someone does not find any little-known countries like my beloved Kiribati.

I use the very first service that appeared on the net (http://douweosinga.com), which generates the simplest graphical map:

This service considers only "official" countries, of which I have accumulated 61.

Maps of visited regions by country

This type of map allows you to paint over visited regions on a world or country map. This makes sense, first of all, for large countries with a federal structure, so there are such services for the USA, Canada, Australia, Brazil, and Russia.

For Russia, such maps can be built using at least two services - www.visited.ru and http://xtalk.msk.su/rusmap/.

Maps of visited places and cities

Some services allow you to combine visited countries and visited places. True, the choice of places remains the privilege of the authors of the service and is not always clear.

RunKeeper draws routes in GoogleMaps and saves them on its website in the user account.

Here, for example, is a map of the 12 km walking tour of Riga from RunKeeper with additional information (time, pace, calories, terrain and pace change graph):

And this is a GPS tracking walk in San Francisco 16 km long:

The only big drawback of RunKeeper "a is its buggy. With long routes, it often hangs and does not allow you to record the entire route. However, this may not be due to the application, but to its carrier.

Rail route maps

For these purposes, I did not find a suitable service. I built a map of my train routes in Google's Maps Engine, not caring too much about the accuracy of displaying the railways. On a small scale it looks like this:

Air travel maps and databases

Here, unlike the railway, there are several good services that allow you to maintain a database of air travel and display them on the map. I use Flight Memory (http://www.flightmemory.com) and Open Flights (http://openflights.org/) services. One of them is better suited for maintaining a base of flights, and the other is better at building maps. Fortunately, Flight Memory data can be imported into Open Flights.

Both services allow you to maintain a database of air travel, generate a lot of interesting statistics and flight maps.

Here, for example, is my general flight statistics for 2010-2012 (I was too lazy to enter earlier flights) from Flight Memory:

And here are the statistics on airports, airlines, aircraft, routes:

Flight Memory generates separate cards for domestic and international flights, which, in my opinion, is inconvenient. This is how my map of international flights for 2010-12 from Flight Memory looks like:

The map from Open Flights seems to me to be more successful in terms of graphics and it does not divide flights into domestic and international ones. My 2012 flight map (21):

Good luck satisfying your curiosity and vanity. The cards have been dealt out.

⇡ Tripline.com

With the help of this site, you can prepare exciting interactive videos showing your movement on a Google Maps map. They look like this: from one point to another, a red line passes sequentially, indicating your route. At key points, traffic stops to allow the viewer to read information and watch a photo slideshow; all this is accompanied by a musical composition. At any time, you can pause the view, switch to manual mode and change the scale of the surface.

Travel map created with Tripline.net

To create a map, you must log in to the site under your account (registration is supported only through  ). After that, you should click the Create a new map button, which is located next to the search bar. There are three ways to create a map:

Let's take a closer look at the manual editing option. At the first stage, you need to enter the name of the card, its type (trip, hike, cruise, etc. - more than twenty options on English language), where you've been (for example, Europe or Africa), privacy options (private, with friends, public), and mark other options.

Creation new card at tripline.net

The next step is to add the key points that make up the journey. The starting point is your location on  , which you can edit or delete. You need to add new places using the add places button - they will be marked on the map with the numbers 1, 2, 3, and so on. You can do this in three ways: by searching for settlements on Google Maps, by entering geographic coordinates, and manually by dragging a marker on the map. However, in the same way, you can change the position of points added automatically. For each point, not only the location is indicated, but also the date, time of visit, and information such as the name, description, personal notes, as well as how it appears in the video: stop at it, drive past it, or view a slide show. You are free to determine how many points you need to fix in the route - however, it should be borne in mind that the service lays straight lines between them, not taking into account any roads or obstacles, and if you want to demonstrate the complexity and sinuosity of the route, you will have to create many points at every turn of the road.

Editing a Point on a Map in Tripline.net

Before saving the map, you can edit the information about it again and choose a melody that will accompany the viewing. Unfortunately, you cannot upload your own sound file - you have to be content with a choice of more than ten standard compositions: African motifs, jazz, indie and others. Photos can be added after the map has been created by clicking on the camera icon in the point options. You can upload photos from your computer or import them from  ,  , Flickr, and Picasa online albums. Comments are also added to the descriptions of places.

Adding travel photos to Tripline.net

⇡ Tripster.ru

This is a Russian service, the purpose of which is to help organize independent travel. Here you can find questions and answers from travelers, search for flights and hotels, and in your profile you can mark cities where you have already been and where you plan to travel. Registration is carried out in several steps. On the first of them, you need to check the boxes next to the visited cities of Russia, Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America. Only the most popular cities are displayed, you can add the rest later.

Registration on Tripster.ru. First step

When you click the "Get a card" button, you go to the second step, where you need to enter profile data - e-mail, page address on the service (like tripster.ru/user), first name, last name and the name of your city. After that, you can proceed to bulk adding marks near all visited places: in this mode, a Google Maps map and a list of settlements corresponding to this zoom level are displayed. If the European part of Russia is in the center, then Moscow, St. Petersburg and others will be on the list, and if Siberia, then Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk and so on. The usual search by city names also works.

Adding cities to Tripster.ru

The finished travel map can be viewed in your profile, as well as embedded in a blog or personal website. To do this, you need to copy the HTML code of the map in the settings. It displays a Google Maps section with labels, and above the map there is a plate with approximately the following information: “user was in 28 cities and 7 countries”, and you can switch to more detailed statistics, including the place and result among all users of the service. In addition, you can embed a button on your site with similar information, but without a map.

Map from Tripster.ru inserted into a post by a LiveJournal user

The service also allows you to mark the cities you want to visit and collect various information about upcoming trips. You can use these opportunities to organize future trips.

⇡ Flagatrip.ru

Another Russian service that hosts a large amount of information from travelers. You can mark places you have visited, post travel reports and plan future events, upload photos and videos, and share reviews. The site has well-developed elements of social networks - you can view the profiles of other users, add friends, join communities. After completing the registration procedure, you will be able to start creating your card. To do this, go to your profile and click the "Create and edit" link.

Creating a trip map on Flagatrip.ru

First, you can add or change your current place of residence and list the places you have visited one by one. When entering a name, they are selected from the list; as elsewhere, the cartographic database Google Maps is used. Please note that visiting places are not only added here - they can also be noted when creating reports. The report is generated in several steps. On the first one, you need to select the start and end dates of the trip, mark its type (hitchhiking, trip with children, bicycle, and so on), enter the points of departure and destination, and there may be several of the latter - you can check them “was passing through”. For each point, you should note the type of transport that was used for movement (they are presented in the form of icons - an airplane, car, bus, boat, and others), and in destinations you can also indicate the hotels where you stayed.

Create a trip report on Flagastrip.ru

On the second step to the report tags are added, and on the third, a description is entered. It includes the title of the report, information about the trip ( visual editor text allows you to highlight the font, insert links, emoticons, photos, videos and tables), individual facts and a folder with the corresponding photos. After clicking the "Finish!" the report will be generated and the labels of the listed items will appear on your map. You can set the size of the map (small, medium, large or custom) and copy the HTML code to paste on your website or blog LiveJournal, LiveInternet, Blogspot. You can also copy the button code "I visited so many countries" or "I visited so many places in so many countries".

Profile of Flagatrip.ru

The places you have visited are marked on the map with flags. This is not the only category of objects - in addition to locations, icons of hotels, attractions, restaurants, entertainment, events, and outdoor activities can be located on the map. You can switch between them using the buttons in the top right row. To add such an object to the map, you need to leave a review, indicating the name, location, rating and description. If you did it first, you will receive the status of the discoverer of this place. Reviews are available for viewing by other users in the "Travel Guides" section, where a significant information base has been formed through the efforts of travelers. Useful information from it can be added to "Favorites". In addition to reviews, you can post photos and videos. Another feature that is worth mentioning is the ability to plan future trips in the same way that a report is generated on those already made.

⇡ Routes.ru

This site is a community of traveling people. There is a lot of background information here. topographic maps, books, presented routes, a calendar of events, searches for places, schedules and tickets, hotels, a forum and services such as an online store for travel equipment, car rental. Among the functions there is the ability to compile reports on the routes traveled and a map of your travels. Registration is rather unusual: you need to correctly answer at least three of the five geographical questions - where is Kamchatka, Baikal and the like. Interestingly, to answer you need to set a marker on a Google Maps map; if you put it in the wrong place, you will be prompted to choose one of four answers.

Registration on route.ru. Passing the geography test

After you have given the correct answers, you should complete the registration, then add at least five directions of travel by train or plane - this is necessary to form the initial travel map. Here you select the start and end points of the trip, as well as the type of transport. The service uses its own database of geographical objects, which is not as extensive as Google Maps, and the most deaf settlements on the list cannot be found. Remarkably, the routes are laid taking into account the existing railways and airlines, even the distance is shown in kilometers (routes of existing carrier companies are taken, in some directions a link is provided for more detailed information). Although if you specify a non-existent route (by train to the USA), then a straight line will be drawn between the two points. The only frustrating thing here is that the map does not take into account road traffic.

Adding initial directions of trips to Marshruty.ru

After filling in the directions of travel, you can mark the places visited, simply indicating the cities, seas, rivers, mountains and caves that you have visited. Cities are grouped by regions and countries, other objects are also divided by regions. It is worth saying that there are much fewer of them in the directory than settlements (only the most famous - the Volga, Everest and the like), and you will have to indicate the location of most of the conquered peaks and rivers passed manually. To do this, you need to specify brief information about the object - type, name, description, where it is located - and mark the point on Google Maps. All added objects on your map (mountains, rivers, etc.) are highlighted with a symbolic icon, visited regions will also be highlighted and travel extreme points on the four cardinal points will be marked.

Map of the active traveler on Marshruty.ru

You can generate not only a travel map, but also reports on the routes traveled; links to them will be present in the description of the added objects. The new route is added in several stages. First you need to enter the name, description, travel area, start and end dates, indicate the types of activity (cycling, diving, and so on). You can then edit the interactive route map. This is done either manually or by importing a finished track, which can be downloaded from a GPS navigator or created using Google Earth - wpt, gpx, kml and kmz formats are supported. If you form the route yourself, then you should add the places visited one by one (these can be both settlements from the directory, and “halts on the side of the road”) and draw a travel line. The transition to the drawing mode is carried out by clicking on the map; you can create an unlimited number of points by forming a path path. You can also link photos to the map. To do this, you need to add an album, upload pictures to it and associate them with a place, which is done automatically if they contain geotags in EXIF ​​information (there is another function - combining images by date and time with a track from a GPS navigator), or in manual mode, marking a cross on the card for each shot.

The route report on Marshruty.ru is replete with various information

Unfortunately, the created maps cannot be embedded on your website or blog - you can only share links to them. Site visitors have the opportunity to see your profile, which displays the number of countries, cities and other places visited, the total length of rail and air travel (in kilometers), the extreme points reached.

⇡ Panoramio.com

Strictly speaking, Panoramio is not a service for travelers, but it is great for this role - but only if you bring back loads of pictures from your trips. This site, owned by Google, is designed to post photos with geographic coordinates. The uploaded images will be displayed on your map in the places where they were taken, which will allow you to estimate the geography of your movement around the world. In addition, after verification by the moderator, the photos will be available for viewing by other users of the service, and will also be displayed in Google Earth with the "Images" layer active.

You can sign in to the site with your Google account. After that, you should upload photos, they are also imported from Picasa Web Albums or Google+ albums. If the file already contains geographic coordinates in EXIF ​​information, the service will automatically determine them; otherwise, you need to link photos to Google Maps. To do this, you need to drag the marker to the appropriate place on the map (you can use the search) and click the "Finish" button.

Linking photos to the map on Panoramio.com

You should be aware that the pictures will become public after a certain amount of time required by the moderators - from a couple of hours to several days. In Google Earth, after that, they become visible when the database is updated, which happens several times a week. Regardless of whether the photos have been moderated or not, you can view your photos in both ways - on the map and in Google Earth, by downloading the file with tags in the kml format. The map will look something like the following screenshot - you can place a link to it wherever you want.

By the efforts of one person, of course, such a map cannot be made. But that's what you need to strive for.

Similar functionality is present on the Yandex.Fotki website with their Photo on Map service. If you are a follower of Yandex, then you can just as well use a similar solution from a domestic company.

⇡ Conclusion

Summing up this review, we cannot unequivocally say which of the services is the best for creating a travel map - everywhere they use their own approach to complete this task. Tripline.net allows you to create vivid presentation videos about your trips. On Tripster.ru you can mark all the cities and countries you have visited. Flagatrip.ru is more of a social network where users post reports and reviews. Marshruty.ru takes a scientific approach to travel analysis. And finally, Panoramio.com will be useful for those who like to travel the world with a camera.

"Great geographical discoveries of the new time" - Great - At the feet of a pedestrian, And a drip point - In the Universe. Pharaohs. Cook???????? 2. The ancient Egyptians built majestic ... Cook. Columbus. The Earth spins from sunrise to sunrise. Landing of Columbus on the coast of America. And castles. Ancient Rome. Christopher Columbus. 1519 - 1522. The new century is the century of technical inventions.

"The Age of Discovery" - What is the meaning of the Age of Discovery? James Cook 1768 Marco Polo 13th century. Routes major travels. Vasco Balboa 1513 The era of the great geographical discoveries. Answer the questions: Ferdinand Magellan 1520. Normans (Vikings) 10th century. Abdel Tasman 1644 Vasco da Gama May 20, 1498

"Discoveries" - Destruction of the virtual world of the church. The invisible hand of the market. Sugar, cotton, coffee, cocoa were cultivated. Humanism was the most important ideological prerequisite for nationalism. The result of the Great geographical discoveries and the beginning of the 15th - the middle of the 17th century. So, in 1640 the first English fortress was founded. India - Fort St.

"Discovery of the Earth" - One of the most famous explorers of Africa. Fridtjof Nansen is one of the greatest Norwegian travelers. Give examples of the connection between physical and economic geography? During the lesson, complete the following table. F. Nansen. The first round-the-world voyage of F. Magellan. The news of the discovery by the Spaniards of new lands in the west stimulated the efforts of the Portuguese.

"History of the discovery of the Earth" - Satellite (MODIS) photo of the Strait of Magellan. Primitive people and nature. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, portrait by an unknown artist, 16th century IGDA/G. Ferdinand Magellan. Washington. Antonio Pigafetta. Middle Ages. Columbus name on world map. In 1519-21 he led a Spanish expedition to find a western route to the Moluccas.

"Development of the territories of Russia" - Geographical objects studied and discovered from the XI-XX centuries. Tests to check. B) to the third. B) Siberia, Ural mountains, Irtysh, Ob. B) XIX-XX centuries. B) to the fifth. Geographical objects studied and discovered from the XI-XX centuries. A) The icy sea, the Murmansk coast, the Karelian coast. Questions to check. How they mastered and studied the territory of Russia.

In total there are 6 presentations in the topic