Antipyretics for children are prescribed by a pediatrician. But there are emergency situations for fever when the child needs to be given medicine immediately. Then the parents take responsibility and use antipyretic drugs. What is allowed to give to infants? How can you bring down the temperature in older children? What medicines are the safest?

website. Vector graphics, which we are studying, will help you create beautiful drawings, and then earn good money. Because in this way you can get a new profession - a web designer.

I talked about this in the article “The circle of salvation for the drowning. Part 2" . Therefore, study with us, and you will easily learn how to work in the program CorelDraw.

Today we will start drawing the simplest vector drawings.

In the last lesson, we have already learned how to draw basic shapes, paint them in different colors, rotate and copy.

We will learn in this simple lesson how to create straight lines, polylines, curves and we will move various objects from place to place.

First, open CorelDraw and create a new document. You will have just a blank sheet in front of you. You can work in the old document, we called it, if you remember, "drawing No. 1". In this case, just click on the plus sign at the bottom of the page to add a new page. How to do this, I already told in lesson number 2.

We find a small pencil in the left menu (it is the fifth from the top) - this is a very useful tool called "Free Form". The program always suggests the name of the tool when hovering the cursor.

We click on the small triangle at the bottom, after which a whole line of new tools opens.

You can hover over each of them and read the name. The first is a free form, we will return to it today. And now we are interested in the fifth one, which is called "Broken Line". It resembles a flat brush.

We click on it, move the cursor to a white sheet and see that the cursor has turned into a cross, under which there is a small broken line.

Press the left mouse once and move to the right so that a straight line appears, after which we press the left mouse again, only now twice. Our first drawing is ready.

What happens if the second time you click not twice, but only once? Then our line will not be interrupted, but will go further in the direction you yourself want. For example, yes.

At the end, don't forget to press twice to break the line.

Suppose we want to color these lines with different colors and change the thickness. What needs to be done for this?

In the top menu there is a window with a thin line. If you move the mouse, a window pops up in which you can read that this is the thickness of the outline.

Open this window by clicking on the arrow, and select any thickness. For example, the latest.

The order is this: first we select the line, and then we begin to change something. As you can see, our lines have become much thicker.

If the line is not selected first, it cannot be painted. We will always do the same with any drawing or detail on it. First we select, and only then we start working with it.

Now color them red and blue. We select the desired line, for this we simply click on it, and then move the cursor over the color on the palette and right-click. If you click with the left mouse, nothing will change. You should get it like this.

We have already learned how to draw straight and broken lines. But what if we need to draw something consisting of curves, that is, objects of any shape?

This is exactly what the Freehand tool is for.

You can click on it directly in the left menu, after which the cursor will turn into a cross, under which a curved line will appear.

What can be drawn? For example, a leaf. The most common leaf, although then you can draw both oak and maple leaves, any.

Color it green. Pay attention to how many shades of green the color palette offers. For each of your drawings, you will need to select a certain shade.

When you draw with the Freehand tool, you must make sure that the first point of your drawing and the last point match. If they do not match, then it will not be possible to color the drawing completely, because you will not have a drawing, from the point of view of the program, but a simple line.

See the difference between the first and second drawing?

What to do if the points do not match and the line breaks?

We move the cursor over one of the small squares at one of the ends, click once with the left mouse and drag to the second small square at the other end of the line, click once again. The curve is closed, and now we can paint in any color.

In this way we will finish any complex drawings when we use freeform.

Now let's try to draw a flower using the freeform tool.

Draw as you like, without dwelling on the details. You can get a chamomile or a bluebell, a sunflower, anything.

I will do this: I will draw a forget-me-not.

Just repeat the shape of the petals, just be sure to connect the first and last points. Then paint in lilac color, choose the contour to your taste.

What are we missing? Of course, the middle ones. To do this, in the left menu we find an ellipse and draw a small circle. If you need a circle, press the Ctrl key with your left hand, and draw with your right. Color this circle in pale yellow.

You can draw directly on the flower or draw to the side and then move it.

How do we move objects in CorelDraw?

Select our circle, move the cursor over it, after which the cursor turns into a cross with arrows, and drag it where we need it. In our case, in the middle of the forget-me-not.

Using the Freehand Tool, draw a stem and two petals. For the stalk, select the desired thickness and paint it green.

We draw the petals, and then carefully substitute them on the stalk.

So, now let's go directly to the lesson on Adobe Illustrator.

Sketching in Illustrator

I often draw "the old fashioned way" on paper. And then I edit it in illustrator and photoshop. Why not draw right away with a graphics tablet? But because my fantasy stops working if I do not draw a line on paper. I compared pictures drawn in different ways - the difference is huge and tangible.

So let's get started. Sketch drawing.

Yes, you could just trace the sketch. But there are a lot of lines here and the result will not be so hot. You'll still have to tweak it by hand.

For this work, I use the pencil tool. No stroke, but black fill.

I "trace" the contour. Therefore, the line is thicker at the beginning and thinner at the end. This gives the sketch a certain charm. Be sure to hold Alt when closing the path. To avoid creating open paths. But if you have Adobe Illustrator CC, then it should close the paths when drawing with a pencil.

This is my pencil setup.

This is what the result looks like.

I do not argue that in some places there are inaccuracies. They can be smoothed with the Smooth tool.

Why am I not using the Blob Brush tool? Blob brush pros: you can draw a finished line right away, and not outline the contours. It is more like a "real artist's tool". It responds to pen pressure. But personally, it's not always convenient for me. Although this function can be disabled by double-clicking on the icon of the Blob Brush tool.

There are places where the line comes one on top of the other, climbs out along the edges. Yes, it can be removed. But in the case of a pencil, this will not happen. How to remove? Select everything with Ctrl+A. Click the Divide button on the Pathfinder panel.

Then you should ungroup everything. And remove the excess.

I propose to compare two slippers. The first one is drawn with the Pencil tool. The second "Blob brush".

Which one do you like more? One way or another, the conclusion is the same - both tools are wonderful. The main thing is to be able to draw and not be lazy to correct, clean up mistakes :)

I use a pencil if I need to work with a sketch. And you need smooth lines that look like they were drawn with a brush. The drawing is livelier and more dynamic.

But Blob Brush, in my opinion, is good for drawing doodles. Where the line thickness is the same and the drawing does not have the dynamics that is in the sketch.

We still have the Brush and Pen tools.

To be honest, I would not draw this sketch with them. Why? The pen is indispensable when creating hand-drawn letters. Where you need the perfect smooth transition of line to line. The other day I was tormenting my nickname, translating it into a vector with a pen.

There are very few dots. But it takes more time to create.

But the result! Sleek, clean and concise.

It is quite difficult for a beginner to tame a pen tool. But probably. I learned how to work with it from the lesson from this blog: Draw with the Pen Tool. This is the easiest and most accessible tutorial on the web.

Brush tool. Let's draw something like this.

I add it to the Brushes panel. Create an Art Brush (object brush).

These are my brush settings.

The key point here is "Stretch and fit to the length of the stroke." Our blank is stretched along the entire length of the drawn line.

You can create any preset for the brush. And there are plenty of examples of using brushes on the web. I will note only one of its features. The brush can be applied to any stroke. Draw a circle with the standard Ellipse Tool (L). And apply to it different brushes from those that are in the standard set of illustrator. And you will understand what I'm talking about :)

As you noticed, there are also other brushes. They can be studied in this lesson.

The basic vector tools in Adobe Photoshop are identical to Illustrator. But, I note, they are not created for drawing in their pure form. Why? First, there are excellent Illustrator or Corel Draw programs for drawing in vector. Here there is all the functionality necessary for drawing. Secondly, the stinginess of the settings in Photoshop for the vector. Photoshop has only drawing tools and some primitives. Which is correct on the one hand. Here is a great program for raster graphics, and here is a great program for vector graphics. Yes, in vector it is sometimes necessary to work with a raster, and in raster it is sometimes necessary to work with a vector. So it's better to tie them up and sell them as a package.

It can be seen from the picture that all the contours that make up the figure remain inside the layer. In this way, the figure can be changed quickly and easily. Although vector Adobe Photoshop is capable of much more. For example, I made these sketches for one old site in vector. Image I brush with hard edges. Then I selected the layer and turned the selection into outlines. From the contours I made filled layers with a vector mask. In this way, I achieved the anti-aliasing of the contour that was missing in Photoshop.

Pen Tool

First we have a tool pen tool and its varieties. The same set can be found in Illustrator. This is convenient when switching from one program to another, no need to retrain. Moreover, all vector tools migrated to Photoshop directly from Illustrator.

pen tool- Bezier pen, modulating a vector path with it is easy, but for beginners it can be very difficult. Detailed descriptions of all control techniques with guides would take a separate article or chapter. In fact, this is the most basic and head tool for modulating shapes and paths in vector. And, conveniently, the same in all vector programs.

Now click anywhere. When you click, you have a key point (anchor, key, feature, name doesn't matter). Drag the mouse in any direction while continuing to hold down the button. If everything is correct, you will see the guides.

Click anywhere else. You will see how a line stretches from the first point to the second. Start moving the mouse away without releasing the key. Your path is formed depending on how you set the guides to the second key point.

To understand in what dependence on what lines are built, depending on the guides, perhaps the most basic understanding of vector graphics. On the vector tool settings panel, PenToo l there is one interesting setting − Auto Add/Delete. These are actually automated Add and DeleteAncho rPointTools which will be discussed further. Click on this checkbox and your brush will be able to add points to already drawn contours and remove unnecessary points while drawing. You will be able to do this right while drawing the path, and not after. And for this you do not have to switch to useless Add and DeleteAncho rPointTools

Freeform Pen Tool

If to work with pen tool it is necessary to understand the principles of constructing vector curves, then Freeform Pen Tool- an instrument free from any rules and principles. Just click on it and draw the outline as you would with a regular brush. Of course, they cannot depict an ideal circle or a celebration of geometric shapes, but a blot is completely. This tool is suitable for creating collections of industrial-style figures. To draw blots is the most for them. Well, if the drawing skill is brought to perfection, then ... I think it's better to use the Illustrator program, unless of course you are one of those who sculpt masterpieces in MS Paint for fun (:

At the tool Freeform Pen Tool Perhaps there is another interesting setting. In the settings panel Freeform Pen Tool there is a Magnetic checkbox. This is a hidden analogue of the Magnetic Lasso Tool. Works exactly the same. Just enable this checkbox. Hover your cursor over some well-defined object, with a high-contrast edge, and start tracing. Of course, you don't need to expect perfect geometry from this tool.

Add Anchor Point Tool and Delete Anchor Point Tool

Add Anchor Point Too l - this tool adds additional points to an already drawn contour to change or correct the shape of the contour. Just draw a path, then switch to this tool and put the missing knots in the places you need. What is it for? Well, maybe you need to put more points so that the outline looks more like what you need.

Delete Anchor Point Tool- accordingly, this tool removes extra points of the vector curve. The scope of this tool is the same as that of Add Anchor Point Tool, only if the points are reduced, the contour line becomes, for obvious reasons, smoother and softer.

Convert Point Tool

This tool helps in editing curve point guides. When you click on a point, the tool resets the guides. While holding the mouse button, move the mouse to the side. This is how we change the shape and direction of the guides, against their original meaning. And if you hook one of the guides with the Convert Point Tool, you can give it an independent direction.

Once again. You are gripped by a tool Convert Point Tool, for a point. From such proximity, guides are reset near the point. Without releasing the mouse button, move the mouse to the side, building new guides. And if you wish, you can grab one of the guides and adjust it individually. Now let's discuss the details.

Drop-down menu of vector tools

The drop down menu of vector tools reveals various interesting features to us, many of which are tied to other topics, so I will not describe them too deeply. It is logical that we should not understand what a mask is in an article about drawing tools. We select any of the tools, draw a semblance of a circle, like mine, and right-click. It is important to draw a solid circle, otherwise not all menu options will be available. Pay attention, now you need to click on the contour.

Delete Anchor Point

Everything is very simple. Click on the point you don't like and delete it. It's even easier for me than a tool Delete Anchor Point Tool. Especially if there is only one such point. This menu option is changeable. Now there is Delete Anchor Point, because I moved the mouse exactly to the point. If you click on any part of the contour Delete will change to Add Anchor Point, that is, we are talking about adding a new point to the contour.

Create Vector Mask

Is a shortcut to an option Layer > Vector Mask > Current Path What does this option do? Creates a vector mask of course. Now I'll show you how it's done. Place a photo on the palette. For example, I chose a photo of my Chuchi parrot. The outline should be visible. You can't drop it. Place the photo directly below the outline, or the outline below the photo. Or draw a new path exactly the way you want. Now we click on Create Vector Mask and get the result! The vector path has turned into a vector mask. And Chucha's parrot in a circle!

Delete Vector Mask

The name speaks for itself. Parrot Chucha turns into a rectangular photo. The mask is gone. The outline becomes a regular outline.

Define Custom Shape

The contour turns into a vector blank shape. That is, this option saves the contour, puts it in a special library, from where you can always get it later and use it not cunningly. Just enter the name of your circuit.

And find it at the address of the tool Custom Shape Tool in the tool settings menu among other little animals and arrows.

Make Selection - This option from a vector creates a selection. Let's take a closer look at what the menu offers us.

Feather Radius- blur radius. If you fill your selection further, the edges will be blurry. The higher the value, the more blur. Screen Attention:

Anti-aliased- softens the edges. No function Anti-aliased the fill will be filled pixel by pixel. Function Anti-aliased creates halftones at the edges of the fill.

Fill Path

Distant relative of the option Edit > Fill. But unlike the latter, it has a couple of upgrades. It has an identical graph content, which in general means, what will we fill in with? There is a graph Blending, which controls the blending modes. Also an important note Preserve transparency. When this checkbox is checked, the fill takes into account transparent places and does not fill them.

Stroke Path

Emphasizes selection. And emphasizes everything. On the menu Stroke Path you can choose any tool, even an elastic band, even a blender, even a brush. Most often, of course, you need a brush. Stroke Path uses the tool settings that are currently set. For example, if the last time you painted with a 10 px hard brush, then the outline will be emphasized with it. Option Simulate Pressure simulates pressure.

clipping path

A kind of masking in Photoshop and more. Most often clipping path used when separating the background from the object. Do not believe it, but in the West there are entire studios involved in this work, and maskers are called masking specialists. That's perishing experts so experts! In fact, Clipping Path attaches an outline to a bitmap. Draw, for example, an outline on a family photo, or outline an object. Save as PDF and open in Illustratore. Your image is placed inside the path, just like with a vector mask. To tell the truth this clipping path is a black spot for me. Mysteriousness clipping path made me study this option in detail, which I wrote about in my article

Free Transform Path

Changes the shape of a path or an individual group of points. Changing the shape of an object needs no introduction. And without that, it is intuitively clear how this is done. The square rotates in all directions, clamping the corners changes the size. And when you press the key ctrl the perspective of the figure changes.

In this tutorial, we'll walk through the process of creating vector drawing in Photoshop.

Final result

As you know, vector illustrations are currently very popular in web graphics. Professional designers can create such illustrations in a matter of hours. Whether you are a beginner or an amateur, web graphics lessons will certainly be extremely useful for you. The purpose of this lesson is to shed light on the process of creating a selected image. Step by step I will demonstrate the whole process and with the help of my comments I will explain all the steps.

To create a really cool image, you must choose desired program and follow certain rules. If you want to draw a vector illustration, you should keep in mind that editors such as Adobe Illustrator or CorelDraw. However, photoshop has sufficient funds for the development of vector illustrations. I will clearly show this in my lesson on how to convert a drawing to a vector. I chose a sketch of a cat as the basis for the illustration. I decided to draw a blue cat with pink flowers in its paws.

Step 1

Let's start by creating the background. Let's draw a shape with the selection tool () (in mode shape layers(Layer Shape)). Settings - (Fill Opacity) = 0% . Now use a gradient overlay: ( (Layer Style - Gradient Overlay)) to fill the created shape. All settings are default, you only need to change the angle (I will indicate the degree) and the gradient. Adding Stroke(Stroke) ( (Layer Style - Stroke)). We use all the default settings, except for the width in 1 px and colors.

Instruction

All graphics that are found on the Internet are either raster or vector. The main difference between them is the way they are displayed on the screen. Raster and vector images have different formats and sizes. The latter have a number of advantages: the ability to resize without losing quality, the ease of making changes, the speed of creating drawings. Unlike raster graphics, pixels and resolution don't matter as much in vector graphics.

Vector graphics editors use simple objects to create complex ones based on primitives - lines, circles, squares, ellipses, etc. The idea is to place dots in different places on the screen, which are connected by contours, and if necessary, filled with color. For example, to create a red square, draw four points at the desired distance, connect them and fill them with red.

To work with vector graphics editors such as Adobe Illustrator, Macromedia Fireworks, Macromedia Freehand, Paint Shop Pro (a product of Corel) are used. To save vector images, several formats are used, the most universal of which is EPS. A drawing in this format can be opened in Adobe Illustrator, Corel, Macromedia FreeHand, and a number of other programs.

To create vector images, choose one of the graphics editors listed above and install it on your computer. Before doing this, find out the requirements of the program to the characteristics of the computer, in particular, memory. Familiarize yourself with the toolbar of the graphic editor, its buttons. Practice drawing lines by creating points and connecting them using guides. Try to form shapes, color them. Explore autoshape tools. Then try drawing volumetric images. With a little practice, you can create quite complex drawings.

Vector is a directed segment, which consists of a pair of points. Point A is the beginning of the vector, and point B is its end. In the figure, the vector is depicted as a segment that has an arrow at the end.

You will need

ruler, sheet of paper, pencil

Instruction

Start with the manual drawing method, i.e. on a piece of paper. Mark point A on the sheet - this will be the beginning of the vector. Then mark point B - this will be the end of the vector. Draw a line from point A to point B and put an arrow at the end. Everything, the vector is drawn. Don't forget to mark the beginning and end of the vector with letters.

Raster graphics

This type of graphics is a rectangular matrix, which consists of a large number of small indivisible dots, called pixels. Any pixel can be colored in any color. For example, a monitor with a resolution of 1024x768 produces a matrix that contains 786432 pixels. Each pixel has its own purpose.

Pixels are very small. If the monitor has a good resolution, a person simply does not perceive the image as a set of pixels.

When a bitmap is enlarged, it appears to be stretched. In this case, a person can catch pixels that look like small squares. As a result, the image seems to lose harmony and harmony.

But bitmaps take up little space in the computer's memory, which in some cases becomes a decisive factor.

Summary

There are two main differences between vector and raster graphics.

Firstly, if you increase or decrease a vector image, it will not lose quality. If you do the same with a raster image, it "blurs" when enlarged.

Secondly, vector image files have a higher storage capacity than raster image files.