Tangram complex patterns. Mysterious tangram

Antipyretics for children are prescribed by a pediatrician. But there are emergency situations for fever, when the child needs to be given medicine immediately. Then the parents take responsibility and use antipyretic drugs. What is allowed to give to infants? How can you bring down the temperature in older children? What medicines are the safest?

For the development of spatial representations of children, constructive thinking, logic, imagination and ingenuity, geometric puzzle games are very useful. One such game is the ancient Chinese game Tangram.

Photo © Algodoo

What is the mystery behind this game?

Origin of the game

The game was born in China over 3000 years ago. Although the word "Tangram" was coined a little over a century ago in North America, the Chinese game was known as the "board of seven figures of wisdom."

According to one legend, the Great Dragon, who lived among people, entered into battle with the God of Thunder. And the God of Thunder cut the sky with an ax into 7 parts that fell to the ground. The pieces were so black that they swallowed up all the light on earth, thus destroying the forms of all objects. The dragon, saddened by such a tragedy, took these seven parts and began to build various forms and creatures, starting with man, animals and plants.

Another legend tells of a monk who instructed his disciples to travel by painting the variety of beauty of the world on ceramic tiles. But one day the tile fell and broke into 7 pieces. The students tried for seven days to assemble the tiles into a square, but to no avail. And then they decided: the beauty and diversity of the world can be made up of these seven parts.

What is a game?

The puzzle consists of seven geometric shapes by dissecting a square:

2 large right triangles

1 medium right triangle

2 small right triangles

1 square

1 parallelogram

Each of these parts is called a Tang (Chinese for "piece").

A variety of situations are laid out from these figures. The game has 1600 solutions, which include a wide variety of animals and humans, objects and geometric shapes.

As with other puzzles, tangram can be completed alone, or you can compete with other players.

How to play Tangram?

Draw a square on the cardboard and divide it into parts. It is better to use double-sided colored cardboard. If this is not available, take ordinary colored cardboard, glue it on the wrong side and cut out the shapes. So the details will be more dense. Make several of these sets in different colors.



To begin, ask your child to fold these pieces into a square again. It is better if the child copes with the task without looking at the drawing of the square. But if it does not work, you can use the sample.

When laying out the figures, it is easier for the child to use patterns with traced components. Contour patterns are more difficult to reproduce.

On a note

A tangram can be cut from a sheet of soft magnet (magnetic tape). An excellent option would be to take sheets of different colors. Then it will be possible to collect tangrams directly on the refrigerator.

When playing, the following rules must be observed

  1. when compiling images, all seven figures are used;
  2. the figures must be in the same plane, i.e. should not overlap each other, be located on top of other parts;
  3. all parts must be contiguous, i.e. have a point of contact with other parts.

Real drawings of those objects, the silhouette image of which is created using a puzzle game, are very useful. In this case, it will be easier for the child to imagine the depicted object and, perhaps, to make up his own version. Such classes are very useful in preparing children for schooling.

Video taken from youtube.com
User WwwIgrovedRu

Schematic source: walls360.com

The game is very easy to make. A square of 8x8 cm made of cardboard, plastic, equally colored on both sides, is cut into 7 parts. The result is 2 large, 1 medium and 2 small triangles, a square and a parallelogram. Using all 7 parts, tightly attaching them to each other, you can make a lot of different images according to samples and according to your own design.

We propose to make durable parts for this puzzle from plastic, which is probably in every home - these are DVD movie boxes. These boxes are fairly easy to cut with scissors. If you are confused by the sharp corners of the parts, then they can be slightly rounded.
In the following lessons, we will offer you some more similar puzzles, so you can prepare several boxes of different colors for different games and puzzles.

as a result of the exercises and tasks for this game, the child will learn to analyze simple images, highlight geometric shapes in them, learn to visually break the whole object into parts and, vice versa, compose a given model from the elements.

Where to begin?

  • The very first exercise with such a game is drawing up a figure from two or three elements. For example, from triangles to make a square, a trapezoid. The child must navigate the puzzle: count all the triangles, compare them in size.
  • Then you can simply attach the parts to each other and see what happens: a fungus, a house, a Christmas tree, a bow, a candy ...

You can tell during the game that the puzzle is called “Tangram” in honor of the scientist who invented it.

Second phase

  • After a few lessons and games with a tangram, you can move on to exercises for folding figures according to a given example. In these tasks, you need to use all 7 elements of the puzzle.

Start by drawing up a hare, this is the simplest of the shapes below.

More tasks with answers to the puzzle:

Third stage

  • More difficult and interesting for the guys is to recreate the figures according to the sample contours. This is the third stage of mastering the game. The reconstruction of figures along the contours requires a visual division of the form into its component parts, that is, into geometric figures. Such tasks in kindergartens are recommended to be offered to children from 6-7 years old (it seems to me - too late).

One of the first tasks at this stage is a running goose, it's better to start with it. First, analyze with your child what parts the head, neck, and paws of a goose can consist of. Is it possible to make them of other parts ...
You can apply different elements of the puzzle for longer, looking for the correct result.

This is already more complicated - the figures of a man running and sitting.

These are the most difficult figures in this puzzle, but we are sure that with practice you will cope with them.

Similar games and puzzles for kids:
- Famous logic puzzle game. It was this game that inspired Alexei Pajitnov to create the popular computer game tetris.
- “Alias ​​or say otherwise” - an exciting educational game for children. During the game, the child will be able to learn how to convey thoughts to people, develop vocabulary, learn to listen and understand others. Excellent board game for speech development.

Both adults and children love to solve puzzles. This activity is exciting, besides, it perfectly develops logic, purposefulness and perseverance.

One of interesting puzzles The game of tangram has long been recognized, it is useful to start acquaintance with it already from preschool age.

What is tangram?

The puzzle includes 7 geometric figures (tans): 5 right-angled triangles of different sizes, 1 square and 1 parallelogram. They are obtained from a large square, which is first divided into 2 identical triangles. Then, from each triangle, several more figures are obtained: from the first - 2 large triangles, from the second - all other figures. The sizes of the figures in the tantam can be different, as well as the material from which the puzzle is made. You can, for example, cut out the details of a tangram from cardboard, including multi-colored cardboard, while focusing on the figure below.

Even better - use a magnetic tape for making tans - then the figures can be assembled directly on the refrigerator or on a special board. You just need to remember that the proportional ratio of the sides of all geometric figures must certainly be the same - after all, this is the meaning of the tangram.

When and where did the puzzle appear?

The birthplace of the tangram is China, which led to the name of the game: in Chinese, tang means “part”.

There are several versions of where and when tangram first appeared.

According to the first, the tangram has been around for more than 4 millennia, and it appeared quite by accident. A fallen porcelain tile broke into 7 pieces and its owner tried to put the pieces back together. But he was prevented by haste, and each time he received more and more new pieces. As a result, the occupation greatly captured not only him, but also other people. So the broken porcelain square turned into a fascinating Board of Wisdom.

Another explanation of what a tangram is and how it arose takes us 2.5 thousand years ago, during the reign of one of the Chinese emperors. His heir grew up as a very smart and quick-witted boy, but did not want to study. Then the emperor summoned a mathematician, a philosopher and an artist and gave them a task: to come up with something that could interest the boy. Together they came up with "Shi-Chao-Chu". The board cut into 7 parts introduced the future emperor to the basics of mathematics, taught him to look at the world comprehensively, like an artist, and brought up the perseverance and patience inherent in philosophers in the boy.

According to the third legend, one of the Chinese sages, whom his compatriots equated with a deity, described the development of the world from chaos to the present state in 7 books. Moreover, the basis of each volume is a description of the figures assembled using the tangram technique from 7 geometric figures.

Whatever the background of the origin of the tangram puzzle, the important thing is that with its help you can not only have a great time, but also take a fresh look at the world.

The meaning of tangram

What are the rules of the game with thanes? They are quite simple and even a child can do it.

The player's task is to collect as many silhouettes of animals, people, surrounding objects, etc. as possible from the thanes. The field for fantasy here is really wide: after all, there are supposedly more than 6 million combination options. So, for example, you can create two silhouettes that differ in only one detail.

The tangram puzzle, like any other game, requires a few rules to be followed.

  • All collected figures must necessarily include all 7 thanes.
  • The silhouette is assembled on a plane, while the thanes should adjoin each other either on one of the sides or at an angle, but in no case should they overlap or overlap each other.

Compliance with these conditions may initially cause some difficulties, so it is wise to teach children to lay out the thanes gradually.

Techniques for mastering the puzzle

To clarify the answer to the question “how to assemble a tangram?”, You can resort to the following tricks.

Finally, when an understanding of what a tangram is comes, and the basics of the game are mastered, you can proceed to such stages as dividing the finished figure into tanas, and then drawing up the figure in accordance with its own vision.

What is the use of a puzzle?

The wide educational and upbringing possibilities of the tangram contribute to the fact that the puzzle is actively used in the educational process already in preschool institutions. And this is quite justified.

  • Folding figurines-tans perfectly develops motor skills of the hands.
  • Acquaintance with thanes, their comparison and folding introduces the initial course of geometry, the ratio of the whole and the part.
  • Figures painted in different colors help to better understand the world around.
  • The combination of geometric figures, laying out the silhouettes of people and animals not only develops imagination, thinking, perseverance, but also broadens the horizon, contributes to the formation of a holistic perception of the world.

Thus, with the right approach, tangram can become a very effective educational and educational tool both in the hands of specialists and in the hands of parents.

Tangram in the life around us

Understanding what a tangram is and what its capabilities are has been a great help to designers. So, for example, a shelf made up of 7 familiar geometric shapes looks very original. Its advantage is that the details of the tangram in such a shelf can be constantly interchanged. As a result, without much effort, you can bring novelty even into a rather boring interior.

The sofa-transformer, assembled according to the type of the same tangram, also looks stylish. Or a compact coffee table that attracts attention with unusual shapes.

In general, tangram is an entertaining puzzle that can do good service to every person who strives for self-improvement and knowledge of their own capabilities.

Tangram is a famous puzzle that came to us from ancient China. The essence of this oriental game is to build a new figure, indicated by a contour, on a plane from 7 simple geometric figures. It can be a variety of silhouettes: people, animals, vehicles, household items, plants, toys, and even numbers and letters. Basic rule: it is imperative to use all the elements of the tangram and never overlap them.

Educational puzzle

Tangram for preschoolers contributes to the development of:

    attention;

    understanding color, size and shape,

    abstract and spatial thinking;

    imagination;

    logical thinking;

    combinatorial abilities.

Tangram for preschoolers: do it yourself

A tangram puzzle for preschoolers can be purchased at the store, or you can make it yourself at home. To make tangrams, take a thick cardboard, draw a square on it. Then line it so that the following shapes are obtained: 5 triangles (2 large, 1 medium and 2 small), a square and a parallelogram - 7 shapes in total. You can use the template below.

Cut the resulting square along the drawn lines. For classes with very young children (3-5 years old), it is better to color each of the 7 figures in a certain color. So the child will be easier to perceive forms and easier to make new shapes.

Tangram patterns for children: from simple to complex

At the initial stage of playing tangram, it is better for preschoolers not to give difficult tasks - the child needs time to figure out the essence of the puzzle. And if his first experience turns out to be unsuccessful (due to the complexity of the task and misunderstanding), he will certainly lose interest in the game. So take your time.

First, look at the figures together, make up something elementary. Start composing yourself, and then ask the child to help you: name the colors, etc. Children can invent their own figures, including fantastic ones. The main thing is that the child clearly understands what exactly he is constructing, and at the same time uses all 7 figures.

At the second stage of training, you can start to make figures according to color schemes. To some, this will seem like a very easy task, but for a three-year-old child, choosing a figure by color and shape is not so easy. You can use the following tangram patterns for kids.





Children 5-7 years old can already be offered silhouette tangram patterns and one-color puzzle elements.



Offering tangram to preschoolers, always start with the simplest figures, gradually increasing the complexity. It is important to take into account the age and individual characteristics of the child.

An interesting idea to implement - magnetic tangram. It can be made from a large square fridge magnet by cutting it into pieces and pasting them over with colored paper.


Hang one or two sets of puzzles and a set on the refrigerator, and daily exercises for development of the imagination your kids will be provided.

Tatiana Kholyavskaya

Good day!

I think that all educators are familiar with the puzzle game " tangram", I will not write much about it. This Chinese game, which has spread throughout the world for more than 4 thousand years!

Children are very fond of play this game, everyone wants to play, one or two sets per group is not enough. I decided to make more sets of this puzzle for all the children in the group in the kindergarten from cardboard. I glued a self-adhesive film on top of the cardboard sheets. So the figures look more beautiful, and stronger.

The game is an equilateral square. For children 5-6 years old, I made a square 12 * 12 cm. Larger, I think, is not necessary. Yet this the game not only introduces children to geometric shapes, develops thinking, imagination, logic, ingenuity, but also fine motor skills, which means that the details should not be too large.

A square is divisible by 7 parts: two large right triangles, two small right triangles, one equilateral square, one middle triangle and a parallelogram.

I signed the main sizes on a photo: square - 4.2 cm * 4.2 cm, large triangles - 8.5 * 8.5 * 12 cm.

The square is cut into parts:

Flipping:


Templates for building figures can be downloaded on the Internet, from the simplest to the most complex. For small children (4 years) it is better to make the templates yourself by gluing parts of the same size onto a sheet of cardboard, at first they will overlay the parts on top, next to each other over time. For example, here is a card with fish:


It will still be difficult for them to build according to the drawn schemes. But children of 5-6 years old can already build according to schemes, first of such a plan, where the boundaries of geometric figures:

then no borders:

Children play in such a game can be quite a long time and with enthusiasm (the game develops perseverance) . Here are the figurines are obtained:


I have children senior group, laid out according to the drawn schemes



I put each set in an envelope


and envelopes in a box


Now I want to do felt tangram.

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