What does numismatist mean. Who are numismatists? Purpose of old coins

Numismatics (from Latin numisma, Greek nómisma - Coin)

an auxiliary historical discipline that studies the history of coinage and money circulation based on coins, money bars, and other monuments (for example, coin stamps, documents). The concept of N. traditionally includes the study of paper money (Bonistics), medals, tokens, plaquettes (see Medal art), orders, and badges (phaleristics). The study of a coin as a means of money circulation, a state document, a work of craft and art, and an epigraphic source is carried out in close connection with studies of other historical sources - written and archaeological. Before the advent of the metal coin, the functions of money were performed by various goods - livestock, jewelry, metal tools, metal ingots. The latter especially often acted as a monetary equivalent, sometimes even in relatively developed societies, for example, silver ingots (hryvnias (See Hryvnia)) in Ancient Russia of the 12th-13th centuries.

The issue of a coin and its use as a means of payment arise only when the economic development of society, in particular exchange, creates a need for money circulation, and social development leads to the allocation of power that can issue coins. Thus, the very fact of its minting and use in a particular society testifies to the achievement by it of a certain stage of socio-economic and political development. The right to issue coins usually belongs to the government. The first coins appeared in Lydia (Asia Minor) and on about. Aegina (Greece) at the end of the 8th - beginning of the 7th centuries. BC e.

The coin has a front (obverse, Av) and reverse (reverse, Rv) sides. Already from the 6th c. BC e. both of them are usually occupied by images, which in N. are denoted by the term “type”. Usually, the front side is considered to be the one on which the most important images are placed, designed, as a rule, to exalt state power or official religion (for example, on ancient Greek, Roman republican coins - this is an image of a deity, on the coins of the Roman Empire and the feudal states of Western Europe - a portrait sovereign or his coat of arms, on eastern coins - often religious texts, on modern ones - a portrait of the monarch or the coat of arms of the state). Inscriptions, or coin legends, are located both on the obverse and on the reverse. They usually contain the designation of the country or authority that issued the coin, the name and title of the monarch, the name of the mint, the name of the person responsible for issuing the coin, an indication of the value, date, etc.

Coins, as a rule, have a certain mass (weight), and different weight monetary systems are used in different countries at different times, which may coincide with trade measures of mass (weight), but may differ from them. In close connection with the weight system are systems of denominations, i.e., basic monetary units, their multiples and their parts. In the study of ancient and medieval coins, the study of their weight is especially important for determining the weight of monetary systems, the systems of denominations of a particular state, identifying monetary reforms, etc.

The first coins were minted in Greece and Asia Minor from silver and electrum, and in China they were cast from copper. In the future, mainly silver, gold, copper, as well as various alloys - bronze, brass, bilon were used. In modern times, nickel, aluminum, etc. have joined them. Less commonly, iron, lead, etc. are used. When using a noble metal, a certain amount of copper is usually added to it for strength. This impurity is called a ligature (see Ligature in metallurgy), and the percentage of precious metal in a coin is a breakdown (see Sample of precious metals). It is established by the government. However, sometimes it was practiced by the authorities themselves, the so-called. damage to the coin, i.e., the issuance of a coin of reduced standard and reduced weight, but with the same face value. This operation was one of the most common ways for the state to receive income, especially in cf. century. The nature of the coins, the inscriptions on them allow us to judge the form of government, the change of reigns, dynastic chronology, the relationship between vassals and overlords, coups d'etat, etc. The images and inscriptions often reflect the events of political and social life - wars, conquests, internal struggles in the state, state or religious reforms, etc. Sometimes a special issue of coins (commemorative coins) is dedicated to an event. All this makes coins a valuable source in the study of political history.

Coins are a kind of source in the study of the history of ideology, religion, and the political thought of society. Numismatic material is important in the analysis of the economic history of a society, since it can be used to trace the strengthening or weakening of coinage, changes in the weight system, the introduction of other metals into circulation, etc. Being products of artistic craft, coins are also a source for studying the history of technology and the history of art. In some cases, these are masterpieces of fine art. Coin inscriptions are important for the study of paleography (See paleography). In archeology (See Archeology), coin finds serve as important dating material in the study of various sites.

N. examines the coins in all these aspects. It deals not only with individual coins, but also with coin complexes, primarily with Treasures. They, as a rule, consist of coins withdrawn from circulation, therefore their study is important for clarifying the composition of monetary circulation as a whole (hoards are dated according to the latest coin). The most important means of numismatic research is the mapping of finds of treasures and individual coins (numismatic topography), which allows you to trace the change in the area of ​​distribution of individual coin series and establish the existing system of trade routes and connections, find out the place of minting of individual coins, etc.

From N. as a science, numismatic collecting, or collecting coins, should be distinguished. Collectors, as a rule, are not interested in the scientific significance of the coin, but in its rarity and artistic merit. Coin collecting, which began in Italy in the 14th and 15th centuries, quickly spread to other European countries. In the 15th-17th centuries. hundreds of private collections arose, mostly of antique coins, which later became part of the largest collections of kings and emperors. At the end of the 18th century The most important collections took shape: the Mintzkabinet in Vienna, the Cabinet of Medals in Paris, the collections of the British Museum in London and the Hermitage in St. Petersburg, the Mintzkabinet in Berlin. In scientific writings of that time, coins were usually considered as monuments of art along with cameos, sculpture, etc.

Scientific numismatism arose in the second half of the 18th century; the Viennese numismatist J. Kh. Eckel is considered to be its ancestor.

In Soviet historiography, N. is conventionally divided into ancient, Byzantine, Eastern (coins of the countries of Asia and Africa, including medieval coins of Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Crimea, and the Volga region), Western (medieval coins and coins of the modern and recent times of the states of Western Europe, as well as coins of the USA, Canada and Latin America) and Russian (including Soviet). A special section of N. is modern coins countries of Asia and Africa in Western European languages.

The development of N. began with the study of ancient coins, mainly in relation to their images and inscriptions. Only in the second half of the 19th century. interest arose in the metrology of coins, in their role in economic and cultural history. Russian antique numismatists (G. K. E. Keller, B. V. Kene, P. O. Burachkov, A. L. Berthier-Delagard, A. V. Oreshnikov, A. N. Zograf) were mainly engaged in the study of coins of states Northern Black Sea region. In the 2nd half of the 19th century. Byzantine numismatism emerged as an independent branch of science, and Russian numismatists (I. I. Tolstoy) made a great contribution to its study. The founder of Eastern N. was the Russian Orientalist Kh. Western European coinage was little explored in Russia, mainly the finds of Western European coins in Russia were studied (B. V. Kene, in Soviet times - N. P. Bauer). The study of Russian coins began at the end of the 18th century. The works of A. D. Chertkov, E. K. Gutten-Chapsky, I. I. Tolstoy, A. V. Oreshnikov, A. A. Ilyin were of great importance.

In the USSR, research in the field of N. is concentrated in the most important museums, where the largest collections of coins are kept (the Hermitage in Leningrad, the Historical Museum in Moscow - both with funds exceeding 1 million items, the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow , museums in Kyiv, Tbilisi and other cities), as well as in the historical and archaeological institutes of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Academy of Sciences of the Union Republics and some universities. Soviet N. sets itself the task of a comprehensive study of coins and, above all, the study of numismatic material as a factor in the economic development of society, the history of commodity-money relations.

The most important modern Soviet and foreign periodicals on the issues of N.: "Numismatics and epigraphy" (M., since 1960); Numismatics and Sphragistics. (K., since 1963); Numismatic Chronicle... (L., from 1838); "Revue de la numismatique" (P., from 1838); "Numismatic Notes and Monographs" (N. Y., from 1920).

Lit.: Spassky I. G., Yanin V. L., Soviet numismatics. Bibliographic pointer. 1917-1960, in the collection: Numismatics and epigraphy, [v.] 2-3, M., 1960-62; Severova M. B., Soviet numismatics. Bibliographic pointer. 1961-1965, in the collection: Numismatics and epigraphy, [v.] 9, M., 1971; Fedorov-Davydov G.A., Coins tell. (Numismatics), M., 1963; Zograf A. N., Antique coins, M.-L., 1951 (lit.); Tolstoy I. I., Byzantine coins, [v. 1-9], St. Petersburg, 1912-14; Markov A., Topography of hoards of oriental coins, St. Petersburg, 1910; Davidovich E. A., History of the Monetary Affairs of Central Asia in the 17th-18th centuries, Dushanbe, 1964; Pakhomov E. A., Coins of Georgia, Tb., 1970; Bykov A. A., Coins of China, L., 1969; Oreshnikov A., Russian coins until 1547, M., 1896; Ilyin A. A., Topography of treasures of ancient Russian coins of the 10th-11th centuries. and coins of the specific period, L., 1924; Yanin VL, Monetary and weight systems of the Russian Middle Ages. Pre-Mongol period, M., 1956; Spassky I. G., Russian monetary system, 4th ed., L., 1970; Shorin P.A., Coins of the USSR. Album-catalog, M., 1971; Halke H., Einleitung in das Studium der Numismatik, 3 Aufl., B., 1905; Friedensburg F., Die Münze in der Kulturgeschichte, 2 Aufl., B., 1926; Luschin Ebengreuth A. von, Allgemeine Münzkunde und Geidgeschichte..., 2, Aufl., Münch., 1926; Einzig P., Primitive money in its ethnological, historical and economic aspects, L., ; Quiggin A. H., A survey of primitive money, Strand, 1963; Suhle A., Die Münze, , Lpz., 1971; Wörterbuch der Münzkunde, B: - Lpz., 1930; Clain-Stefanelli, E. E., Select numismatic bibliography, N. Y., 1965; Seltman Ch. T., Greek coins, L., (lit.); Mattingly H., Roman coins, 3 ed., L., 1962; Hill G.F., Ancient Greek and Roman coins, Chi., 1964; Sabatier J., Description generale des monnaies byzantines, , t. 1-2, P., 1955; Catalog of oriental coins in the British museum, v. 1-, L., 1875-91, Engel A., Serrure R., Traité de numismatique du moyen âge, 1-3, Bologna, 1964; theirs, Traité de numismatique moderne et contemporaine, pt. 1-2, P., 1897-99: Porteous J., Coins in history, L., 1969.

D. B. Shelov.

Antique coins: 1 - Aegina. Stater 700-550 BC e. Silver; 2 - Athens. Tetradrachm 5th c. BC e. Silver; 3 - Tetradrachm of Alexander the Great (336-323 BC). Silver; 4 - Rome. Folis imp. Diocletian (284-305). Copper. Medieval oriental coins: 5 - China. Coin of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (557-581). Copper; 6 - Abbasids. Dirham 187 AH. (802/803). Coin Madinatas Salama (Baghdad). Silver. Byzantine, medieval and modern Western European and American coins: 8 - Byzantium. Nomisma-skiphagus of Michael IV (1034-41); 9 - France. Gros tournois Philip IV (1285-1314); 10. Czech Republic. Prague penny of Wenceslas IV (1378-1419) with countermarks of the German cities of Ulm and Weinsberg; 11 - France. 1 franc 1961; 12 - USA. 1/2 dollar with a portrait of J. Kennedy. Russian and Soviet coins: 13 - Kievan Rus. Silver coin of Prince Vladimir (980-1015). Silver; 18 - Russia. Money 1700 Peter I. Copper; 19 - USSR. Fifty dollars 1924; 20 - USSR. Anniversary ruble "XX years of victory over Nazi Germany". 1965.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

See what "Numismatics" is in other dictionaries:

- (from Latin nomisma, other Greek νόμισμα coin) an auxiliary historical discipline that studies the history of coinage and monetary circulation. From numismatics as a science, numismatic collecting should be distinguished, or ... ... Wikipedia

- (lat., from the Greek nomisma coin). The science of ancient coins and medals in technical, artistic and historical terms. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. NUMISMATICS the study of ancient and ancient ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

The science and process of collecting coins and medals. Dictionary of financial terms. Numismatics Numismatics is an auxiliary historical discipline: studying coins and coin treasures as monuments of history, economy, culture; history of technology... Financial vocabulary

- (from lat. numisma coin) an auxiliary historical discipline that studies the history of coinage and monetary circulation using coins, bullion, etc. Coin collecting began in the 14th century. Numismatics as a science arose in the 18th century. Sections… Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

The science of coins and medals, from the Greek nomismatich monetary (sub. episthmh science), which arose in Western Europe at the beginning of the 16th century; ancient science did not exist as a separate science. N. has the subject of studying images (types), inscriptions ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

numismatics- and, well. numismatique f. The science that studies ancient coins and medals. ALS 1. Don't expect anything from me for these medals. Although I myself am beginning to collect them, I am still a student, catechumenized in Numismatics; and you will not hear a word about them from me, ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

The science concerned with the study of coins and metallic banknotes. Dictionary of business terms. Akademik.ru. 2001 ... Glossary of business terms

NUMISMATICS, numismatics, pl. no, female (from the Greek nomisma coin). The science of ancient coins and medals. Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

- (from Latin nomisma, other Greek νόμισμα coin) an auxiliary historical discipline that studies the history of coinage and monetary circulation. From numismatics as a science, numismatic collecting should be distinguished, or ... ... Wikipedia

NUMISMATICS- (lat., from the Greek nomisma coin). The science of ancient coins and medals in technical, artistic and historical terms. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. NUMISMATICS the study of ancient and ancient ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

NUMISMATICS- the science and process of collecting coins and medals. Dictionary of financial terms. Numismatics Numismatics is an auxiliary historical discipline: studying coins and coin treasures as monuments of history, economy, culture; history of technology... Financial vocabulary

NUMISMATICS- (from lat. numisma coin) an auxiliary historical discipline that studies the history of coinage and monetary circulation using coins, bullion, etc. Coin collecting began in the 14th century. Numismatics as a science arose in the 18th century. Sections… Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Numismatics- the science of coins and medals, from the Greek nomismatich monetary (podr. episthmh science), which arose in Western Europe at the beginning of the 16th century; ancient science did not exist as a separate science. N. has the subject of studying images (types), inscriptions ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

numismatics- and, well. numismatique f. The science that studies ancient coins and medals. ALS 1. Don't expect anything from me for these medals. Although I myself am beginning to collect them, I am still a student, catechumenized in Numismatics; and you will not hear a word about them from me, ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

Numismatics- a science that studies coins and metal banknotes. Dictionary of business terms. Akademik.ru. 2001 ... Glossary of business terms

NUMISMATICS- NUMISMATICS, numismatics, pl. no, female (from the Greek nomisma coin). The science of ancient coins and medals. Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

NUMISMATICS- NUMISMATICS, and, for women. 1. A section of science that studies the history of coins, bullion, and medals. 2. Collecting old coins and medals. | adj. numismatic, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

NUMISMATICS- wives. the science of ancient coins and medals. Numismatist or numismatic man. scientist involved in this science. Numismatic, numismatic, relating to this science. Numulite husband. fossil shell coin, resembling a coin. Numulite,… … Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

numismatics- noun, number of synonyms: 2 history (61) collecting (62) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

Books

• , Butkovsky A.P.. Alexander Petrovich Butkovsky historian, translator and numismatist, author of numismatic works in Russian and French. The book Numismatics, or the History of Coins, published in 1861, ... Buy for 2525 UAH (Ukraine only)
• Numismatics, or the History of Coins of Ancient, Middle and New Ages, A.P. Butkovsky. Alexander Petrovich Butkovsky is a historian, translator and numismatist, author of numismatic works in Russian and French. Book 171; Numismatics, or History of Coins 187;, published in ...

Currently, numismatics has become very popular. Moreover, if you look into history, interest in it either grows or decreases. Numismatics becomes especially popular during crises, when people are trying to find additional ways to earn money. So what is numismatics?

Many people think that numismatics is collecting coins, but this is not entirely correct. The concept of "numismatics" includes not only coins as its main direction, but also other important components, without which the definition would be incomplete.

Collecting or numismatic collecting of coins has an important difference from numismatics: the collector is primarily interested in the rarity of the coin, which determines its value, and not its scientific significance.

Definition of numismatics

Numismatics is an auxiliary historical discipline that studies coins, the history of their minting and circulation, as well as treasures, ingots, paper money, medals, orders, tokens and badges. The word "numismatics" was formed from the Latin word "numismatics", which means a coin. This term appeared in the Middle Ages and denoted the science of coins.

Numismatics is closely interconnected with other scientific fields. Each coin is unique, it is not only a means of payment, but also a work of art. The coin can be used to judge the economic, political and cultural level of development of the society of that time. Coins found during excavations help determine the age of archaeological sites.

History of numismatics

Numismatics as a science originated from amateur coin collecting. People have long loved to collect various things and especially coins, since each of them had a certain value. Collecting as a hobby appeared during the Renaissance (14th-15th centuries) in Italy, after which it spread throughout Europe. At the same time, the first sketches and descriptions of coins appeared, as well as the first private collections.

The systematization of coins began only in the 18th century; a century later, state collections and catalogs of museum coins began to appear. Also in the 18-19 centuries, the first works on numismatics appeared. At the same time, numismatics becomes an auxiliary science for history, and gradually begins to gain independence.

Numismatics in Russia

AT Russian numismatics appeared in 1721 during the reign of Peter the Great. It was he who acquired the first collection of coins, which was later presented in the Kunstkamera.

Later, large collections were collected in the Hermitage, the Historical Museum, institutes of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Academy of Sciences of the Union Republics and other places around which the domestic centers for the study of numismatics were concentrated.

A great contribution to the study of numismatics in Russia was made by G. Z. Bayer, I. G. Spassky, A. N. Zograf, V. N. Ryabtsevich, D. I. Moshnyagin, B. V. Kene, H. D. Fren, V. G. Tizengauzen, A. D. Chertkov and many other scientists.

Thus, numismatics is an important science that is closely interconnected with history, political economy, archeology, art history and other fields of knowledge. Now you know what is numismatics. We hope that this science will be interesting for you.

Many people are interested in what numismatics is. The definition of this term, as well as the features of the historical development of science, are quite interesting facts that concern many famous personalities of past centuries.

Many people are fond of numismatics - it is for them that coins are a cultural and historical value, for which they are ready to go even to the ends of the world. Collectors are doing their best to get another rare coin and replenish their collection. It should also be borne in mind that if you like such pleasure as numismatics, coin prices may surprise you very much. Having your own collection is quite expensive, it requires not only an investment of labor and patience, but also a large amount of money (if we are talking about really rare items).

Term meaning

What is numismatics? Translated from Greek, “nomos” means law or legal tender, and “nomism” already means “coin”. Numismatics itself is the science of coins, now it is the one that studies the history of money circulation and coinage.

The difference between a collector and a numismatist

There are completely different concepts, such as "numismatic collecting" and "numismatics as a science". It is ordinary collectors who will be most interested not in the historical value of the coin, but in its rarity, as well as various artistic features. But if we talk about numismatics as a science, then coins are the most important object for studying many important historical processes of the formation and fall of entire states, them and the features of state life.

For example, all theories depend on such scientists. They explore not only coins, but also checks, bonds, stocks, various credit cards and much more. Hence, in 1960, the broader term “exonumia” appeared, which refers to the collection of various exotic numismatic means of payment that do not fall under the category of officially accepted by the state. This also applies to commemorative coins, all kinds of souvenirs in the form of banknotes or coins that are issued on the occasion of any celebration.

The importance of the appearance of numismatics

It is by realizing the importance of the appearance of such a phenomenon that you can understand what numismatics is. The definition indicates that this science studies not only various types of coins, but also paper money, medals, orders, badges.

Numismatics as a science provides information about the various economic relations of peoples of different times and eras. With the help of coins, you can learn a lot about political history or about geography. Scientists, studying such means of payment, fill in the gaps in the field of customs and traditions of individual peoples and civilizations and their history of development. That is why numismatics is quite closely connected with symbology, epigraphy, iconology, as well as with the history of art.

The history of the emergence of numismatics as a science

Such a hobby as numismatics appeared even later, it was recorded in the Renaissance in Italy, from where it spread further to the countries of Europe. It was during that period that the sages of the whole world begin to write scientific treatises on this phenomenon, in which the essence of various images and inscriptions on coins is explained in sufficient detail.

Eckel - scientific works in the field of numismatics are associated with this name of an authoritative Austrian scientist, because it is he who is the founder of the first systematic scientific research on this topic. In the 18th century, eight volumes of the book “The Science of Ancient Coins” by I. I. Eckel were published in Vienna - it was from this period that the science of coins began to exist.

Stages of the evolution of the science of coins

So, the history of numismatics. There are two main stages of its evolution, having passed through which, it appeared before us in the form in which we all know it very well.

What does numismatics mean? This science has gone through a long process of formation, because it was completely dependent on money. The first stage includes an era in which barter was quite popular as the only way get some benefit without knowing what money is.

The second stage began with the fact that gold was the only equivalent commodity for which anything could be exchanged.

Later, the first coins made of gold and silver appeared. The state mass-produced coins that had identical weight and shape, and also set the value in various denominations.

It was from this stage that the emergence of numismatics began, the first collectors appeared. The natural exchange of products and everyday goods is the only thing that was popular in ancient times.

The surplus of self-made products was always exchanged for something more useful for the household. Everything was used - shells, skins, fabrics and much more.

Origin of coins

There is no single version of how the first coins appeared and how they looked. Many researchers claim that the king of Argos on the island of Aegina minted the first coins. A small part of scientists is sure that the Lydians were involved in this as early as the 6th century BC. There is also an opinion that the inhabitants of Mediterranean Ionia were the first bankers in the 7th century BC. The inscriptions and images on the coins depicted great rulers or generals, important historical and political events. This applies to military operations, the internal struggle in the state for power, various religious reforms, and much more.

Metal for old coins

Many scientists give a variety of answers to the question of what numismatics is. The definition testifies that people who are interested in coins do not just accumulate them in their collections, indulging their pride, but they are researchers of the object of collection.

Coins in Asia Minor, as well as in Greece, were made of silver and gold. China distinguished itself by minting them from copper. A little later, various alloys became more popular in this regard. This applies to bronze, bilon, brass. A small amount of copper was added to gold coins - a ligature was obtained, the sample of which was determined precisely by the proportion of copper included. The sample has always been established by the state.

There are cases in history when the state issued new coins that had the same denomination as the previous ones, but were worse in quality, and the proportion of precious metals in them was much lower. This defacement of the coin was one of the ways to make a profit.

Purpose of old coins

What is numismatics? The definition is of interest to many. First you need to understand the purpose of the coins.

Previously, they were used not only for cash flow, but also for memory. Their release could be timed to coincide with some significant event. For example, this applies to coins “for visiting mints”, “for death”, or “for the remission of sins”. It is also known about a special coin that the executioner handed over to the judge when he retired - “the pfennig of the executioner of Hamburg”. Coins could be minted for birthdays and other equally significant dates. The science of numismatics studies each such coin separately, paying due attention to all the historical events that influenced its appearance.

No less popular are coins “for visiting mints”. Worthy examples are those that have a denomination of 2 marks and were issued in the Kingdom of Saxony for the visit of the kings of the Müldenhütten Mint in 1900, as well as the coins of the Warsaw Mint for the President of Poland in the 1920s. They are in high demand among modern collectors.

Commoderative coins, the issue of which was specially timed to coincide with some solemn event, are highly valued by modern collectors.

Modern valuable coins of Russia

Numismatics distinguishes several very cost of which varies from a thousand rubles to 400 thousand rubles per piece.

This applies to five kopecks of 2002, on which there is no mint mark. The price of such a coin is up to four thousand apiece. For example, 5 kopecks of 2003 issue have a cost of up to 800 rubles apiece.

There are coins for which even in banks you can get a reward. For example, 5 rubles of 2003, which were issued by the St. Petersburg Mint, in the bank will be valued at 5 thousand rubles per piece, but for numismatists their cost is twice as high.

One ruble of 2003 costs 10 thousand rubles from numismatists. 50 kopecks 2001, issued by the Moscow Mint - 100 thousand rubles minimum.

2 rubles of 2001, issued cost from 100 thousand rubles. The same applies to the 1 ruble coin of 2001.

From this follows the conclusion: this is an expensive hobby - numismatics. Prices for copies for a really worthwhile collection are sometimes prohibitively high.

- (lat.; this. See numismatic). Ancient coin or medal. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. NUMISMATIST lat.; see etymology. numismatic. Ancient coin or medal. Explanation of 25,000 foreign words, ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Exonumist Dictionary of Russian synonyms. numismatist n., number of synonyms: 2 collector (16) ... Synonym dictionary

NUMISMATIST, a, husband. Numismatic specialist (in 1 value); a person involved in numismatics (in 2 meanings). | female numismatics, and (2-valued nouns. numismatics). Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

numismatist- a, m. numismate m. lat. minisma coin. One who practices numismatics, a collector or connoisseur of coins or medals. SIS 1985. Nevertheless, I say and repeat that a real Archaeologist and Numismatist should be here, who would systematically ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

M. 1. Specialist in the field of numismatics [numismatics 1.]. 2. One who is engaged in numismatics [numismatics 2.]. Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova

Numismatist, numismatists, numismatists, numismatists, numismatists, numismatists, numismatists, numismatists, numismatists, numismatists, numismatists, numismatists (Source: “Full accentuated paradigm according to A. A. Zaliznyak”) ... Forms of words

Numismatics (dr. Greek νόμισμα, lat. nomisma coin) is an auxiliary historical discipline that studies the history of minting and monetary circulation by coins. From numismatics as a science, numismatic collecting should be distinguished, or ... ... Wikipedia

numismatist- numismat at, and ... Russian spelling dictionary

numismatist- (2 m); pl. numisma / you, R. numisma / tov ... Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language

numismatist- Belgeche numismatics. Numismatics of Belәn shөgyllәnүche (mavyguchy) … Tatar telenen anlatmaly suzlege

Books

• The life and works of P. S. Savelyev, mainly based on memoirs and correspondence with him,. St. Petersburg, 1861. Printing house of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Owner's binding. With a portrait of P. S. Savelyev and a photograph from his handwriting. The safety is good. From the preface:…
• Numismatics, or the History of Coins of Ancient, Middle and New Ages, Butkovsky A.P.. Alexander Petrovich Butkovsky historian, translator and numismatist, author of numismatic works in Russian and French. The book Numismatics, or the History of Coins, published in 1861, ...